Energy and Plant Pigments
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Transcript Energy and Plant Pigments
Cellular Energetics
Essential Question: How is matter transferred or
energy transferred in living systems?
Energy
Without the ability to use and get energy cells
would die
They use energy to make molecules (building
blocks for biological molecules) and get rid of
waste
Cells carry out all the jobs in your body:
circulation oxygen, breaking down food,
contracting muscles, etc.
All of these jobs require energy.
ATP
• Living things use chemical energy
• ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) – one of the
most important chemicals the cell uses to
store and give off energy
– It is made up of adenine, a sugar called ribose and
three phosphate groups
– The phosphate groups are the key to how ATP
stores and releases energy
ADP
Adenosine diphosphate is similar to ATP
ADP only has two phosphate groups instead of
3
This is how living things store energy
When a cell has extra energy it stores it by
adding a phosphate group to ADP turning it
into ATP
Releasing Energy
Cells can give off energy that is stored in ATP
by breaking the chemical bond between the
second and third phosphate groups
Using Chemical Energy
ATP is used to power active transport
Helps to move protein in muscle helping them
to flex
Makes proteins, carbohydrates, lipids
Responds to chemical signals
If cells move they use this energy
Short-Term Storage
ATP is good for giving off a small amount of
energy very quickly
It is not good at storing large amounts for a
long time
For that we have the sugar glucose
ATP comes from food
• Once cells use up their ATP they must make
more of it somehow
• Cells use the energy from the food we eat to
make more ATP
• Different living things get their food from
different sources
Heterotrophs
Living things that get food by eating other
organisms
Some eat plants
Some eat other animals
Some break down the tissues of dead things
Autotrophs
Make their own food
Plants, algae and some bacteria use light
energy from the sun to make their own food
The energy in nearly all food molecules came
from the sun
All life on earth depends on autotrophs
making their own food using energy from the
sun
This process is called photosynthesis
Light From The Sun
• The sun gives off energy called visible light
• Visible light appears white but actually
contains every color
Plant Pigments
• Autotrophs – organisms that make their own
food using the sun’s energy
– They have specific pigments
– Pigments – absorb certain wavelengths of light
and reflect others – absorb certain colors, reflect
others.
• The color that is reflected is the color you see, all other
colors are absorbed.
• Pigments determine what is absorbed and what is
reflected
• Autotrophs need pigments to trap energy from the sun
to carry out photosynthesis
Chlorophyll
The most common and important
photosynthetic pigment
It absorbs violet, blue and red light which
provide energy for photosynthesis
It reflects green light which is why most plants
look green
Found in the cholorplasts of plant cells
This is where photosynthesis takes place
Other Plant Pigments