Transcript WOUND CARE
WOUND CARE
Presentation for ACC Lab
March 22, 2006
By Herlinda M. Burks, RN, BA, CWCN, CCCN
Risk Assessments
Report: focus on Hx of diseases,
surgeries, how recent, present wounds,
incisions. Read the H&P.
10 minute assessment
What do you see?
Tubes, drains, obesity, weakness, skin
damage in patterns?, etc.
Braden Scale Pressure Risk Assessment
Wound Treatments
Never
leave a wet open wound
open to air (OTA) and unprotected.
Only leave ischemic black dry
wounds on the feet and toes OTA or
dressed lightly with gauze.
Wound Healing Processes
Types of Wound Closures
Primary Intention
Sutures, staples, skin
bonds, etc.
Secondary Intention
Partial thickness
Full thickness
Regenerate specific cells
Epithelialize
Regranulate
Epithelialize
Remodel
Tertiary Intention
Processes Involved in
Wound healing
Acute phase
Hemostasis
Inflammation
Proliferation
Remodeling
Chronic phase
Stalls for 2 weeks
Change Tx
Reassess full body,
meds, labs.
Wound Assessments
Etiology - watch those with ischemia
Size – consistent measure from nurse to nurse
L x W x D in centimeters (head to toe, 9 to 3 o’clock)
Locations of tunnels & undermining by the clock
Drainage – type (color, amount, consistency, odor)
Wound bed % of red, yellow, black tissues
Granulation, Slough, Eschar or tan crust or blister
Wound edges – rolled (epiboly), macerated
Peripheral tissues – discoloration, stains, scars?
Edema, induration, scaling (peeling), plaques?
Wound Culturing
Cleanse the wound with saline
Irrigate till clear if it is a deep wound.
Use culturette that has 2 swabs
Wipe tissue in 1 cm2 area
Infection causing Bacteria is in the tissue
Do not get just a sample of the drainage
Multiple bacteria from peripheral tissues can
be in the drainage
Submit to lab
Nutrition for Wound Healing
Assessment of Nutrition - labs
Serum Albumin 18 to 20 days half-life
Affected by hydration (> if dehydrated, < if overhydrated)
Transferrin – 8 to 10 days half-life easily affected by
other factors.
Prealbumin – 2 days half-life – best predictor
Nutrients needed for Wound healing
Calories –enough to support healing and other
present disease processes
Protein
Vitamins
Nutrients
Protein – fibroplasia, neogenesis,
collagen formation, remodeling
Carbohydrates – energy and protein
sparing
Fat - cell walls
Vitamins – A, B, C, D, E, K
Copper, Iron, Magnesium, Zinc
Types of Wounds
Open wounds
Closed Wounds
Incisions, dehisced or
Incisions
delayed closure
Stitched, Stapled,
Pressure ulcers
Steri-stripped or Skin
Arterial ulcers
bonded
Venous stasis ulcers
Pressure ulcers
Neuropathic ulcers
Hematomas
Diabetic ulcers
Abcesses, nodules,
Abcesses
various dermatologic
Fistulas
types.
Ostomies
http://www.medicaledu.com/pictures.htm
Trauma, Burns
Pressure Ulcers
Braden Scale – 16 points or below is considered a risk
Sensory Perception 4pts
Completely, very, slightly, not impaired
Moisture (4pts)
Constantly, very, occasionally, rarely moist
Activity (4pts) – bedfast, chairfast, walks occ, freq.
Mobility (4pts)
Completely, very, slightly immobile, no limitation
Nutrition (4pts)
Very poor, probably Inadequate, adequate, excellent
Friction & Shear (3pts)
Problem, potential problem, no apparent problem
Pressure Ulcers
Stages
1 intact, persistent
redness
2 partial thickness
loss or blister
3 full thickness loss
to but not through
fascia
4 full thickness loss
to muscle, bone, etc.
Unstageable –purple,
yellow or black
Never back stage.
Prevention and treatment
Turn every 2 hours
when in bed
Move every 15 minutes
or at least every hour in
wheel chair or chair
Apply appropriate
dressing to manage
drainage
Educate patient and
family on reasons for
treatment and causes
of pressure ulcers.
Monitor q shift
Stage 1
Reddened boggy heel
Stage 2
Partial thickness loss
Or blister
Stage 3
Down to but not through the facia
Stage 4
To muscle, bone, tendons, etc.
Unstageable Pressure Ulcers
Purple, yellow, black
Other Ulcers
Arterial
Venous
Other ulcers
Neuropathic
Diabetic
Stay open-minded
Remain alert to all possibilities.