Transcript WOUND CARE

WOUND CARE
Presentation for ACC Lab
March 22, 2006
By Herlinda M. Burks, RN, BA, CWCN, CCCN
Risk Assessments
Report: focus on Hx of diseases,
surgeries, how recent, present wounds,
incisions. Read the H&P.
 10 minute assessment
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What do you see?
 Tubes, drains, obesity, weakness, skin
damage in patterns?, etc.
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Braden Scale Pressure Risk Assessment
Wound Treatments
 Never
leave a wet open wound
open to air (OTA) and unprotected.
 Only leave ischemic black dry
wounds on the feet and toes OTA or
dressed lightly with gauze.
Wound Healing Processes
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Types of Wound Closures
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Primary Intention
 Sutures, staples, skin
bonds, etc.
Secondary Intention
 Partial thickness
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Full thickness
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Regenerate specific cells
Epithelialize
Regranulate
Epithelialize
Remodel
Tertiary Intention
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Processes Involved in
Wound healing
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Acute phase
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Hemostasis
Inflammation
Proliferation
Remodeling
Chronic phase
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Stalls for 2 weeks
Change Tx
Reassess full body,
meds, labs.
Wound Assessments
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Etiology - watch those with ischemia
Size – consistent measure from nurse to nurse
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L x W x D in centimeters (head to toe, 9 to 3 o’clock)
Locations of tunnels & undermining by the clock
Drainage – type (color, amount, consistency, odor)
 Wound bed % of red, yellow, black tissues
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Granulation, Slough, Eschar or tan crust or blister
Wound edges – rolled (epiboly), macerated
Peripheral tissues – discoloration, stains, scars?
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Edema, induration, scaling (peeling), plaques?
Wound Culturing
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Cleanse the wound with saline
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Irrigate till clear if it is a deep wound.
Use culturette that has 2 swabs
 Wipe tissue in 1 cm2 area
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Infection causing Bacteria is in the tissue
 Do not get just a sample of the drainage
 Multiple bacteria from peripheral tissues can
be in the drainage
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Submit to lab
Nutrition for Wound Healing
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Assessment of Nutrition - labs
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Serum Albumin 18 to 20 days half-life
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Affected by hydration (> if dehydrated, < if overhydrated)
Transferrin – 8 to 10 days half-life easily affected by
other factors.
Prealbumin – 2 days half-life – best predictor
Nutrients needed for Wound healing
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Calories –enough to support healing and other
present disease processes
Protein
Vitamins
Nutrients
Protein – fibroplasia, neogenesis,
collagen formation, remodeling
 Carbohydrates – energy and protein
sparing
 Fat - cell walls
 Vitamins – A, B, C, D, E, K
 Copper, Iron, Magnesium, Zinc
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Types of Wounds
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Open wounds
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Closed Wounds
Incisions, dehisced or
 Incisions
delayed closure
 Stitched, Stapled,
Pressure ulcers
Steri-stripped or Skin
Arterial ulcers
bonded
Venous stasis ulcers
 Pressure ulcers
Neuropathic ulcers
 Hematomas
Diabetic ulcers
 Abcesses, nodules,
Abcesses
various dermatologic
Fistulas
types.
Ostomies
http://www.medicaledu.com/pictures.htm
Trauma, Burns
Pressure Ulcers
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Braden Scale – 16 points or below is considered a risk
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Sensory Perception 4pts
 Completely, very, slightly, not impaired
Moisture (4pts)
 Constantly, very, occasionally, rarely moist
Activity (4pts) – bedfast, chairfast, walks occ, freq.
Mobility (4pts)
 Completely, very, slightly immobile, no limitation
Nutrition (4pts)
 Very poor, probably Inadequate, adequate, excellent
Friction & Shear (3pts)
 Problem, potential problem, no apparent problem
Pressure Ulcers
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Stages
 1 intact, persistent
redness
 2 partial thickness
loss or blister
 3 full thickness loss
to but not through
fascia
 4 full thickness loss
to muscle, bone, etc.
 Unstageable –purple,
yellow or black
 Never back stage.
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Prevention and treatment
 Turn every 2 hours
when in bed
 Move every 15 minutes
or at least every hour in
wheel chair or chair
 Apply appropriate
dressing to manage
drainage
 Educate patient and
family on reasons for
treatment and causes
of pressure ulcers.
 Monitor q shift
Stage 1
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Reddened boggy heel
Stage 2
Partial thickness loss
 Or blister
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Stage 3
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Down to but not through the facia
Stage 4
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To muscle, bone, tendons, etc.
Unstageable Pressure Ulcers
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Purple, yellow, black
Other Ulcers
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Arterial
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Venous
Other ulcers
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Neuropathic
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Diabetic
Stay open-minded
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Remain alert to all possibilities.