Transcript Gutflora in numbers (1)

Pre en Probiotica en
Darmfunctie
Ger T. Rijkers
Depts. Pediatrics & Surgery
University Medical Center Utrecht
Dept. of Medical Microbiology and Immunology
St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein,
The Netherlands
Gutflora in numbers (1)
Gutflora in numbers (3)
1014 bacteria (x 10> total cells in body)
Approx. 800 species
>7000 strains
2.5 x 106 bacterial genes (2.5 x 104 human genes)
“It is tempting to suggest that the role of the host is to function
as an advanced fermenter, carefully designed to maximize the
productivity of the microbiome”
Nicholson et al. (Nature reviews microbiology, 2005)
Categories of micro-organisms
Gutflora
Measles
Tetanus
Probiotic bacteria
live microbial, food ingredients
that are beneficial to health
Just a Selection of Probiotics
Bifido bifidum
Bifido breve
Bifido infantis
Bifido lactis
Bifido longum
Lactobacillus brevis
Lactobacillus casei
Lactobacillus paracasei
Lactobacillus plantarum
Lactobacillus helveticus
Lactobacillus rhamnosus
Lactobacillus salivarius
Lactococcus lactis
Probiotics beneficial to health
Probiotics beneficial to health
Workers at a packaging plant
received daily liquid doses of
either a placebo or
Lactobacillus reuteri, a
bacteria that is cultured in
some yogurts, for 80 days.
While 23 of the 87 volunteers
receiving a placebo reported
sick during that period, only
10 out of the 94 volunteers
that took the L. reuteri said
they were ill. The results of
the blind study appear in the
journal Environmental
Health2.
Short sick leave (%)
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
placebo
L. reuteri
Probiotics: mechanisms of action
Mucosal barrier
Pathogen inhibition
Immune modulation
VRE
VRE + Probiotic Supernatant
Top view
Side view
L.Salivarius W24
PNAS 104 (2007) 7617-7621
Probiotic action of
Lactobacillus
Lysteria monocytogenes
Lactobacillus salivarius
L. sal. bacteriocin Abp118
Bacterial passage
*
E.coli passage (fluorescense units)
400
*
300
200
100
0
Sham
AP
AP&X
AP&Y
* = p< 0.05
70% of your immune system
is within your intestine
Dendritische cellen in de darm
Mucosale immuunsysteem in de darm
Mucosale immuunsysteem in de darm
Th1 en Th2 uit balans
Autoimmuunziekten
Allergische ziekten
Probiotica: klinische effecten
Improvement gut microbiota:
Protection against infections
gastrointestinal function
diarrhea
Prevention of immune mediated diseases (allergy)
Probiotics: Stabilisation of Gut Flora
placebo
Probiotics*
Amoxicillin
0
3
7
Amoxicillin
14
35
63
0
3
7
14
35
63
*Probiotics: B. bifidum, B. lactis, B. longum, E. faecium, L. rhamnosus, L. paracasei
L. plantarum (2x), L. acidophilus (2x)
Defaecation classification: Bristol scale
Defaecation classification:
Fokke and Sukke scale
Bowel movements
B. infantis 1 x 1010
B. infantis 1 x 108
B. infantis 1 x 106
placebo
Als U wilt diëten,
neem wat Bacteriodeten!
Not all probiotics are equal!
Lactobacillus acidophilus
CFU/ml
109
108
#55
#22
107
#36
106
<105
0
1
2
3
4
Time (hrs)
5
6
Prebiotics
• Oligosaccharides fermented by bacteria in the colon
• Stimulates carbohydrate fermentation
(SCFA, lactate, acetate, propionate and butyrate)
• Stimulates growth of Bifidobacteriae and Lactobacilli
• Reduced protein fermentation
(branched chain fatty acids, ammonia, amines, indols, phenols)
Prebiotics stimulates growth of
Bifidobacteriae and Lactobacilli
Rinne et al. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 43 (2005) 59-65
Prebiotics reduce adherence of E.coli
to epithelial cell lines
Shoaf et al. Infect Immunity 74 (2006) 6920-28.
Prebiotics
Moro et al., Arch Dis Child 91 (2006) 814-19
Get sick, get well
Hang around a ink well
Ring bell, hard to tell
If anything is goin' to sell
Try hard, get barred
Get back, write braille
Get jailed, jump bail
Join the army, if you fail
Look out kid
You're gonna get hit
But users, cheaters
Six-time losers
Hang around the theaters
Girl by the whirlpool
Lookin' for a new fool
Don't follow leaders
Watch the parkin' meters
Subterranean Homesick Blues, Bob Dylan
Ger T. Rijkers
Dept. of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital
Dept. of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht
Dept. of Medical Microbiology & Immunology
Saint Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein
The Netherlands
[email protected]
Surrounded by
a world of probiotics
Prebiotics
Non-digestible food ingredients that provide beneficial
effects to the host by stimulating the growth of selected
microbial members of the gastrointestinal tract
Mono- and difucosyllactose
Lacto-N-tetraose
Mono- and di fucosylated derivatives
Gefucosyleerd lacto-N-hexaose
Lacto-N-octaose
Etc
Probiotics
(L. reuteri)
300
300
240
240
180
180
120
120
60
60
0
0
7
14
21
Treatment (days)
Anti-gas
(Simethicon)
28
0
0
7
14
21
Treatment (days)
28