Transcript Reproductive System Diseases

Sexually Transimitted
Diseases
Gonorrhea
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Cause
– bacteria (Neisseria gonorrhoeae)
Mode of transfer
– Primary infection site is in cervix from intercourse
– Can travel to blood stream to infect major organs (eyes, mouth, heart, liver,
reproductive organs)
Incidence – see next slide
Symptoms
– Male – asymptomatic, painful urination, discharge
– Female – asymptomatic, painful urination, discharge, fever, pelvic pain
Complications
– sterility, ectopic pregnancy, predisposed to UTIs, major organs affected, vision
loss in newborn, PID in women, facilitates transmission of HIV
Treatment
– cured with antibiotics (high antibiotic resistance)
Gonorrhea
Chlamydia
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Cause
– bacteria (Chlamydia trachomatis)
Mode of transfer
– contracted through intimate touching, genital-to-genital contact, vaginal sex, anal sex, child
birth
– can be spread to different parts of one’s own body with contaminated fingers.
– Non-treated swimming pools
Incidence
– Leading reportable bacterial infection in US
– See next slide
Symptoms
– Male – thin, gray-white penile discharge; painful testes
– Female – vaginal discharge and bleeding; abdominal pain
Complications
– Infertility, ectopic pregnancy, PID, facilitates transmission of HIV, pregnant women infected
with chlamydia can pass the infection to their infants during delivery, potentially resulting in
neonatal ophthalmia and pneumonia
Treatment
– antibiotic
Chlamydia
Syphillis
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Cause
– bacteria Treponema pallidum
Mode of transfer
– Sexual intercourse, kissing
– Enter body via microscopic abrasions or mucous membranes (genitalia, rectum,
mouth)
– Spreads through bloodstream
Incidence – see next slide
Symptoms
– Primary infection – chancre appears (lasts 2-6 weeks)
– Secondary – rash develops; fetus infected (miscarriage or congenital syphillis)
– Tertiary – large vessels damaged, neuronal damage leading to insanity
Complications
– Miscarriage, insanity, , facilitates transmission of HIV
Treatment
– antibiotic (Penicillan)
Effects of Syphilis
Genital Herpes
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Cause
– HSV 1 (Herpes Simplex Virus 1): cold sore
– HSV 2 (Herpes Simplex Virus 2): STD
Mode of transfer
– Sexual transmission, oral-genital contact
– Transmission greatest at beginning of active stage
– Can transmit when inactive
Symptoms
– itching, burning pain at infection site; tiny red blisters that rupture causing ulcer
Complications
– Increases risks of contractracting HIV; If mother has primary infection during
birth, can cause fetal death
Treatment
– No cure, but medication to treat symptoms and decrease transmission risk
Herpes
HPV
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Cause
• Human Papilloma Virus
• 40 different strains
Mode of transfer
• Sexual intercourse, oral-genital and genital-genital
Symptoms
• Asymptomatic
• Immune system can get rid of HPV within 2 years, but not a definite
• Some strains cause genital warts
Complications
• Some strains can develop into cervical cancer after 10-15 years
Incidence
• Most common STD
• Occurs in 50% of sexually active individuals
Treatment
• Detected with annual papsmear
• No test for males
• Vaccine – only against strains that cause cancer
Genital Warts
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
(HIV)
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Cause
• virus
Mode of transfer
• sexual contact -- including oral, vaginal, and anal sex
• blood -- through blood transfusions, accidental needlesticks, or needle sharing
• mother to child -- a pregnant woman can transmit the virus to her fetus through
their shared blood circulation, or a nursing mother can pass it to her baby in her
breast milk
Symptoms
• may not have any symptoms for up to 10 years, but they can still pass the
infection to others. After you come in contact with the virus, it can take up to 3
months for a blood test to show that you have HIV.
Complications
• Cancers, weight loss, dementia, Opportunistic infections
Treatment
• Drug cocktail
Trichomoniasis
• Caused by parasite
• Genital area only
• Female: itching, odor, burning, swelling,
discharge
• Male: itching, burning, discharge
• Treat with antibiotic
Bacterial Vaginosis
• overgrowth of harmful bacteria in vagina
• sometimes accompanied by discharge, odor, pain, itching, or
burning
• Treat with antibiotics
• most common vaginal infection in women of childbearing age
• BV can increase a woman's susceptibility to other STDs
• increased risk
– Having a new sex partner or multiple sex partners
– Douching
• not clear what role sexual activity plays
– Women do not get BV from toilet seats, bedding, swimming pools, or from
touching objects around them.
– Women who have never had sexual intercourse may also be affected.