Transcript herpes zoster

Herpes viruses. Adenoviruses.
Biological properties,
pathogenecity for humans.
Laboratory diagnostics,
prophylaxis and therapy of
diseases.
Vinnitsa National Pirogov Memorial Medical University /
Department of microbiology
Herpes viruses. Classification
1. Alphaherpesvirinae includes next species
Herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV1 and HSV2)
2. Varicella-zoster virus (VZV or HHV 3)
2. Betaherpesvirinae contains species
1. Cytomegalovirus (CMV or HHV 5)
2. HHV6 and HHV7
3. Gammaherpesvirinae includes species
1. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV or HHV4)
2. Kaposi`s sarcoma associated virus (HHV8)
1.
Herpes viruses
Herpes simplex virus
 There are two types of the herpes
simplex virus (HSV):
1. HSV type 1 causes herpes labialis
2. HSV type 2 causes herpes genitalis
Cultivation of the HSV
1. Chick embryo
2. Cell cultures
3. Experimental keratoconjunctivitis
Epidemiology and pathogenesis
 The source of infection is ill person with typical lesions
 Infection is transmitted by close direct contact (labial
herpes) or sexual intercourse (genital herpes)
Laboratory diagnostics
 Microscopy:
 Cytoscopy
 Immune electron microscopy
 Immunofluorescence
Virus isolation
Serology
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)
 causes chickenpox after primary infection and herpes
zoster
 The source of infection is person with chickenpox or more
rarely with herpes zoster
 Infection is transmitted with air droplets (chickenpox) or
with direct contact with lesions
Varicella
(chickenpox)
Herpes zoster
Pathogenesis of varicella/zoster infection
Laboratory diagnostics
 Microscopy:
 Tzanck smear
 Immune electron microscopy
 Immunofluorescence
 Virus isolation
 Serology
 Prevention is possible by active
immunization with live, attenuated VZV (OKA
strain)
 For contact person varicella-zoster
immunoglobulin (VZIG) is used to prevent
disease
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
 In persons with adequate immunity CMV causes
subclinical or unapparent infection.
 In persons with waned immunity CMV can
provoke generalized infection.
 Congenital CMV-infection often is very severe,
associated with hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice,
hemolytic anemia, and microcephaly,
chorioretinitis
Cells infected by CMV
Laboratory diagnostics
 Rapid diagnostics
 Virus isolation
 Serological method
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
 It belongs to gamma-herpes viruses (HHV-4) and has
oncogenic properties.
 It can cause different diseases from latent infection in
children, infectious mononucleosis in adulthood to EBVassociated malignancies such as Burkitt`s lymphoma and
nasopharingeal carcinoma
Laboratory diagnostics
1. Blood assay
2. Serological tests are used to reveal:
 Heterophile antibodies with Paul-Bunnell test
 Specific anti-EBV antibodies with ELISA and
immunofluorescence
Adenoviruses
 They belong to family Adenoviridae, genus
Mastadenovirus divided into 7 serogroups (A-F)
and 47 serotypes
Adenovirus structure
Pathogenecity
1. Respiratory disease in children (pharyngitis,
2.
3.
4.
5.
pneumonia)
“Common cold” in adults
Conjunctivitis (swimming pool follicular
conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis -shipyard
disease)
Diarrhea in children
Acute hemorrhagic cystitis in young males
Epidemiology and pathogenesis
 Adenoviruses are transmitted with different
mechanisms:
1. Via aerosol droplets
2. With fecal-oral route
3. By direct contact
Laboratory diagnostics
 Diagnosis is based onto:
1. Rapid diagnostics with electron microscopy, immune
electron microscopy, immunofluorescence
2. Virus isolation
3. Serological tests demonstrate rising in titer of
antibody, demonstrated in paired patient sera