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Masters Theses Competition 2008
Krissada Chalermsook (104512)
A Semantics-based and Flexible Framework for Web Services Composition
Agenda
1
Introduction
2
Proposed Framework
3
Evaluation
4
Conclusions
Agenda
1
Introduction
2
Proposed Framework
3
Evaluation
4
Conclusions
Introduction
Web Services
Semantic Web Services
Web Services Discovery
Web Services Composition
Web Services Invocation
Semantic Web Services Challenge
Semantic Web Services Framework
Objective
Web Services
Today’s world, the need of cooperation
between enterprise has increased
Web services was designed to support
interoperable machine to machine
interaction over a network
3 roles- service provider, service
requesters and service registry
Semantic Web Service
When time passes, the number of web services
has increased -> hard for human to read and
select the services.
Automate Web services operations
Service Providers can add more information to
Web Services and machine can process that
information
Service Requestors also can specify the goal to
find Web services in the way that machine can
process and return the matched Web services
Computer should has Domain knowledge that
help in processing the information
Automation Tasks of Semantic Web Services
Web Services Discovery
Web Services Invocation
Web Services Composition
Web Services Discovery
Discover the appropriate Web services
based on a request’s properties
Ex. Find the Notebook-selling Web
services that have Fujitsu notebook
Manual VS. Automatic Web Services Discovery
Ex. Buying Fujitsu Notebook
Manual
Web Page show
(WS)NotebookStore
Notebooks sold in
Bangkok
Notebookstore Bangkok
1.Read
Future
Fujitsu
IBM
2. Choose
1.Read
Web Page show
Notebooks sold in
Notebookstore Chiangmai
Automatic
1. I want to find
Nookbookshop
that have Fujitsu
brand
4.Result
Semantic Markup show
Notebooks sold in
Notebookstore Bangkok
2.Read
2.Read
Domain Knowledge
(WS)NotebookStore
Chiangmai
(WS)NotebookStore
Bangkok
Apple
IBM
Other 1000
Notebook
Stores
Web
Services
Fujitsu
IBM
3. Choose
Semantic Markup show
Notebooks sold in
Notebookstore Chiangmai
(WS)NotebookStore
Chiangmai
Apple
IBM
Web Services Invocation
Execute an identified Web service
Example - Execute Notebook Web
services to buy the notebook
Manual VS. Automatic Web Services Invocation
Manual
1.Execute
by userInterface
1.Execute
by Httprequest
Web Page for users to fill
information for buying
(WS)NotebookStore
Bangkok
Web services Endpoint
Automatic
1. I want to buy
Fujitsu lifebook
model AAA from
NotebookStore
Bangkok
2. Read and
Invoke
Semantic Markup for
Web services Invocation
Domain Knowledge
(WS)NotebookStore
Bangkok
Web Service Composition
 Different users have different requirements of Web
Services
 Only 1 service cannot fulfill user’s requirement – Ex.
travel (reserve hotel, flight, car rental), buy notebook and
docking station (notebookshop, notebook docking shop,
shipment)
 Compose many services into one service to get new
function.
 Make Web services reusable – one Web services can be
used in many compositions – Ex. Shipment Service
 Book Shop
 Notebook Shop
 Reusability reduce development time and effort for new
applications
Web Service Composition No condition
(WS)NotebookStore Bangkok
(WS)Shipment Company Eastern
I want to
-Buy notebook
- Ship notebook to
my house
(WS)BookStore Phuket
(WS)Shipment Company Western
(WS)BookStore Chiangmai
(WS)Shipment Company Central
(WS)BookStore Krabi
(WS)Shipment Company North
16 Composition
Web Service Composition With Condition
Fujitsu
IBM
(WS)NoteBookStore Bangkok
Apple
(WS)Shipment Company Eastern
(WS)NoteBookStore Phuket
Apple
IBM
(WS)Shipment Company Western
(WS)NoteBookStore Chiangmai
IBM
(WS)Shipment Company Central
(WS)NoteBookStore Krabi
(WS)Shipment Company North
1 Composition
I want to
-Buy Fujitsu Notebook
- Ship notebook to
my house
I live in Bangkok
Manual Web Services Composition
1.Read Web Page that
Web page
contains notebook
(WS)NotebookStore Bangkok
information
2. Choose NotebookStore
Bangkok (Have Fujitsu)
3.Read Web Page that
Web page
contain shipments
(WS)BookStore Phuket
information
4. Choose Shipment
Web page
Company Central (can ship
(WS)BookStore Chiangmai
to Bangkok)
Web page
(WS)BookStore Krabi
Web page
(WS)Shipment Company Eastern
Web page
(WS)Shipment Company Western
Web page
(WS)Shipment Company Central
Web page
(WS)Shipment Company North
Automatic Web Service Composition
Machine Understandable
Information
I ship to Eastern
I want to buy Fujisu notebook
and ship it to my
house in Bangkok
I ship to Central
(WS)Shipment Company Eastern
(WS)Shipment Company Central
Send
(WS)Shipment
Company Central +
(WS)
NoteBookStore
Bangkok
Process
I sell notebook Fujitsu and IBM
(WS)NoteBookStore Bangkok
Answers
I sell notebook Apple and IBM
Domain Knowledge
(WS)NoteBookStore Chiangmai
Semantic Web Services Challenge
Organization set up problem for evaluation
of Semantic Web services
Set up Semantic Web services problems
and let participant find the solutions
Problem includes
 Web services discovery
 Web services invocation
 Web services composition
Framework for Semantic Web services
There are many frameworks nowadays
The framework cannot solve some
problems because there are limitation in
technologies each framework used
PoliMi-Cefriel (WebML)
Glue discovery framework for Web service
discovery
Composition using WebML - a graphical
CASE tool which can model in Top-down
approach
Glue discovery engine is not expressive
enough to model the “work day” (Monday
– Friday)
The framework cannot handle complex
compositions.
DERI (WSMX)
Model Web services composition using
Abstract State Machine logic which is
complicated for services providers and
services requesters
Do not have temporal reasoning
FSU Jena (DIANE)
DSD for discovery the services and
compose the results using BPEL
Manually create BPEL process in
composition tasks
Cannot do the arithmetic computations on
time instances
Problems Level for each Framework using SWS Challenge
Characteristic of Good Semantic Web Services Framework
Completeness
Flexibility
Ease to use
Completeness
The completeness – the service
composition frameworks can compose or
discover solution services from a set of
services based on user specific goal if that
set has at least one solution.
Completeness
(WS)NoteBookStore
Bangkok
(WS)Shipment Company Eastern
(WS)NoteBookStore Phuket
(WS)NoteBookStore Chiangmai
(WS)Shipment Company Western
(WS)Shipment Company Central
the service composition approaches can find this answer
(WS)Shipment Company North
(WS)NoteBookStore Krabi
I want to
-Buy book
- Ship book to
my house
I live in Bangkok
Flexibility
Flexibility – the framework can solve new
kinds of problem with little effort – (little
changes of code or not at all)
1.
Buy Notebook
2.
Buy Notebook
Ship notebook to home
Buy Notebook Docking Ship notebook to home
Ease to Use
The ease of a language for annotating
services
BookStore
<WebService name=“BookStore”>
<location>Bangkok </location>
Location = Bangkok
<Sell>Cartoon</Sell>
SellOnlyCartoon Book
….
Every Book cost > 50 baht
</WebService>
Objective
To develop a framework and prototype
system for Semantic Web Services
discovery and composition with
 Completeness
 Flexibility
 Ease to use for service providers
To evaluate the propose framework with
other works done before by using
Semantic Web Services Challenge
scenario to be case study.
Agenda
1
Introduction
2
Proposed Framework
3
Evaluation
4
Conclusions
Proposed Framework
An Example problem
Step to use the system
Requirements
System Design
Solution to Web services discovery and
composition
An Example Problem
Buy Notebook
Buy Notebook
docking station
Ship notebook to home
Buy Notebook
 3 shops
Buy Notebook Docking Station
 3 shops (Same as Notebook shops)
Ship Notebook
 5 shippers
A Requester’s preference
Buy Notebook
 Any brand
 Harddisk >= 40 Gb
 Ram >= 512 Mb
Buy Notebook Docking station
 Compatible with notebook
Ship Notebook
 Ship to NewYork
 The notebook’s weight is 100 lb
Step to use the system
1. Services providers create
Web services annotation
2. Services providers create
Ontologies and Mediators
3. Administrator Create Rule
4. Services requesters
specify goal
5. The system discover the
services
6. The system generate the
BPEL process archive file
and publish to server
Discovery Management Module
Requester’s
Goal
NXET Rule File
Nxet
Engin
e
Web Services
Repository
Sets of Services (Only
names of services)
Composed Service
BPEL Engine
Old Composed Service
BPR File
Composition
Management
Module
Requirements of System
Service Providers can annotate service in
WSMO Web Service form.
Service Providers can use the mediator to match
the system ontology with their ontology
Service Requestors can specify goal in WSMO
Goals form and get the correct composed Web
Service.
Administrators can add more rules.
The system can compose the Active- BPEL
archive file and result in new composed Web
Service
Requirements of System
If there are many composition results, the
system can rank the result based on
service requestors preferences by using
Quality of Web Service (Availability,
Accessibility, Integrity, Performance,
Reliability, Regulatory, Security) .
System Design
finalThesis\figures\system-design.jpg
Solution to Web services discovery and composition
How can we select and compose the services
using XET
Discovery Management Module
Requester’s
Goal
Web Services
Repository
NXET Rule File
Nxet
Engin
e
Web services discovery and composition
For Web services discovery
 Consider only discovery of 1 Web service – shipment
Web service
• to: NewYork
• package weight: 100 lbs
For Web services composition
 Buy Any Notebook
• At least 512 MB RAM
• At least 40 GB HDD
 Buy Notebook Docking station
• Compatible with notebook
 Ship the notebook
• to: NewYork
• package weight: 100 lbs
XET for Web Services Discovery
XET concept = solve main problem by
transforming the main problem into subproblems and solve sub-problems
Main problem = Find Web services that match
the user’s goal (functions in term of precondition
and postcondition + constraints in destination
and weight)
Subproblem 1 = Find the Web services
 pre(WebService) = pre(Goal)
 post(WebService) = post(Goal)
Subproblem 2 = Find the Web services that
meet all constraints
 Sub-subproblem 1 = destination
 Sub-subproblem 2 = weight
XET Execution
1.Match
Head
Query (Goal)
(Main problem)
Rule
Body
2. Execute body
(Sub problems)
Web services composition problems
Buy Notebook
Buy Notebook
Docking
Ship notebook to home
XET for Web Services Composition
Main problem = Find Web services that match
the user’s goal (functions in term of precondition
and postcondition + constraints)
 Subproblem 1 = If pre(Goal) = A and Post(Goal)= B,
find the sequences of Web services W0, W1,.., Wn
that
A
W0
A1 A1
W1
A2 A2
W2
…
Wn
B
 Subproblem 2 = Find the Web services that meet all
constraints
• Notebook Conditions
• Notebook Docking Conditions
• Shipment Conditions
XET for Web Services Composition(Con’t)
The sequence of service was passed to
Composition management module to
generate everything that Active-BPEL
Engine need
The result of the composition is a newly
composed Web services
Semantic Inference Problem – Compose Notebook
and Notebook Docking Station (Inter Constraints)
Select Web services that have compatible
docking stations
If the notebook is HP, the notebook
docking station must support HP
Solution
Ontologies of the notebook docking station
and including notebook model that it
support
instance a00000018 memberOf DockingStation
gtin hasValue "a00000018"
price hasValue "199"
category hasValue "DockingStation"
brand hasValue "IBM"
name hasValue "IBM-Dockingstation"
formodel hasValue "a00000008"
Composition Module
Discovery
Management
Module
1. Bargainer service(Notebook)
2. Hawker service(Notebook Docking)
3. Muller service (Shipment)
New Service
BPR File
BPEL Engine
Composition
Management
Module
Old Composed Service
Generate BPEL, WSDL and
Other files from the services
Given from Discovery
Management Module
Agenda
1
Introduction
2
Proposed Framework
3
Evaluation
4
Conclusions
Evaluation
Evaluation criteria
 Ease of Use
 Completeness
 Flexibility
Ease of Use
No logic is needed for services providers
and services requesters
Some solutions need logic
Comparison of Features with other
frameworks.
Completeness
Can solve all problem in SWS challenge
Comparison of Problems that the
framework can solve with other
frameworks.
Flexibility
Moving from the mediation problem V.1 (4
processes) to mediation problem V.2 (6
processes) need only the change in
description code.
Comparison of Flexibility with other
frameworks.
Agenda
1
Introduction
2
Proposed Framework
3
Evaluation
4
Conclusions
Conclusion
The research proposed a unified framework for
Web services discovery and composition
The framework makes use of XDD, WSMO and
BPEL
The framework can solve every problem in SWS
challenge
The framework needs only a change in
description code when moving from mediation
problem V.1 (4 processes) to mediation problem
V.2 (6 processes)
Service providers and requesters do not need to
know any knowledge when using the framework
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