Transcript MS PowerPoint 97/2000 format

Twitter:
#uimpuni20
http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/conferences/uimp-2010/
Embedding & Sustaining University 2.0
Brian Kelly, UKOLN
University of Bath
Bath, UK,
BA2 7AY
Email:
[email protected]
Blog:
http://ukwebfocus.wordpress.com/
UKOLN is supported by:
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A centre of expertise in digital information management
Introduction
About Me
Brian Kelly:
• National Web adviser to UK higher education
sector
• Based at UKOLN, a national centre of expertise in
digital information management and located at the
University of Bath
• Involved in Web since January 1993
• 770+ blog posts since Nov 2006
• Over 350 presentations given since 1997
• Current area of interest include Web 2.0, Web
standards, Web preservation, Web accessibility,
amplified events, …
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Author of peerreviewed papers
on:
• Web 2.0
• Web
standards
• Web
preservation
• Web
accessibility
•…
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Peer-Reviewed Papers
Peer-reviewed Papers
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
My Presentations
Talks given in 2009
42 talks given in 2009
on Web 2.0, Web
accessibility, Web
preservation &
standards.
Note use of Web 2.0
technologies &
approaches:
• RSS feeds
• Geo-location data
• Openness of
resources
•…
Note
usein of
blogs,
video
blogs, YouTube,www.ukoln.ac.uk
Twitter, …
A centrealso
of expertise
digital
information
management
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About Our Funders
JISC is the core funder for UKOLN
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Economic Context
Further cuts to be
announced in Oct 2010
The Economic Context
Public sector organisations across the UK and
facing cuts
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Introduction
8
About This Talk
The approaches behind the concept of "University 2.0" are now
becoming more widely accepted. We are now seeing initial uses by
the early adopters of Web 2.0 and Social Web services being adopted
by mainstream users.
However the doubts and concerns which were initially raised by
sceptics have not disappeared - there are legitimate concerns
regarding the sustainability of Social Web services, the risks of
changes to terms and conditions provided by commercial providers
of services, the dangers of lock-in and possible difficulties in
migrating content, services and communities to other environments as
well as a variety of legal risks. Such concerns are becoming even
more relevant in the context of the global economic crisis and the
possibilities that services used to support University 2.0 may not be
economically viable.
In this talk Brian Kelly, a national Web adviser to the UK's higher
education community will describe approaches to ensuring the longterm sustainability of institutional use of the Social Web services,
technologies
and approaches which underpins Universitywww.ukoln.ac.uk
2.0.
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Introduction
About This Talk
This talk:
• Provides a brief summary of Web 2.0 and the
Social Web with some examples of its use
• Describes barriers to the successful deployment
of Web 2.0 in higher education
• Looks at ways of overcoming such barriers
 Acknowledging the barriers
 Risk assessment and risk management
 Cultural change
…
• Outlines a framework for embedding &
sustainability
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Advocacy to Embedding
Is this elearning 2.0?
See http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qMPgAnk
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Sustainable House of Cards
The sustainable House of Cards – see
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ESW91ieIcc
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
University 2.0 & Talk 2.0
University 2.0 can be regarded as:
• User-focused: encourages user participation
• Trusts users: who will often wish to do good
• Always beta: experimental; willing to take risks
& learn from them
This talk:
• Aims to employ University 2.0 approaches:
• Trusing users
• User-generated content
• Use:
• #uimpuni20 Twitter hashtag for comments
• #que Twitter hashtag for questions
• #humor Twitter hashtag for jokes
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Virtual Twitter Protocol
For those who aren´t Twitter users (and those who are)
Twitter Memo
About (#) #uimpuni20
Comments (#) #que
To (@)
About (@)
Message
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CLEX Report
Committee of Inquiry into the Changing
Learner Experience (CLEX):
• Report on “Higher Education in a Web 2.0
World” report published May 2009
• Chaired by Sir David Melville, VC of Kent
“No new insights
University
but senior
Recommendations that:
management
• “JISC continues to develop a research and
endorsement of our
support programme into the use of Web 2.0
work in promoting
for all aspects of university business”
and exploiting the
• “JISC works with the HE funding bodies
potential of Web
and Universities UK to explore issues and
2.0 & the Social
practice in the development of new
Web in HE”
business models that exploit Web 2.0
technologies”
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information management
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If Web 2.0 Changes Everything
“If Web 2.0 changes everything, I
see no reason why that doesn’t
apply as much to professional
bodies and universities as it does to
high street bookshops”
Andy Powell, eFoundations blog, May 2009
But how might Web 2.0
change everything?
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Web 2.0 and Change
Network as the platform: Outsourcing IT
Social networks: FB, social sharing, …
Out-sourced digital identity: Who provides it?
New modes of learning: Social, informal learning, …
New modes of research: Social research, …
Reluctance to travel: Environmental issues
Lack of funding: Economic issues
Always beta: Continual change
Generational changes: “Google generation”
Blogs, wikis, social sharing, …: Technologies
Syndication technologies: Breaking down silos
Mobile access &always connected: Mobile learning
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
University 2.0
Out-sourced
provision of technologies
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Social Networks
18
centre
of expertise in digital
management
FocusAon
individual,
notinformation
the institution
www.ukoln.ac.uk
Mobile Web
The mobile Webv
Phone as the students’
http://www.flickr.com/photos/plantronicsgermany/
4540851506/in/faves-36330829924@N01/
learning interface
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Innovation
Doing things differently
http://www.flickr.com/photos/mindfieldz/3765671625/
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Community?
http://www.flickr.com/photos/stevenwarburton/3209461104/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/reedsturtevant/4288406572/
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
Openness?
http://www.flickr.com/photos/gauri_lama/3039881498/
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
Linked Data?
http://www.flickr.com/photos/reedsturtevant/4288406572/
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
Remote & Amplified Events?
Must lectures only exist
only in physical places at
a fixed time?
http://www.flickr.com/photos/mindfieldz/3778121935/
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Can
we
find
a way
out?
http://www.flickr.com/photos/milesbanbery/2692502643/
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Twitter WWT Protocol
Your turn. You have:
• Written some notes containing a #eureka
moment, #humor or #que
Now:
• Take your note and walk to someone you
don´t know well
• Show them your notes & agree on the
best
• Grab the microphone and talk
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The Persistence of Memory by Salvadore Dali. How can we improve
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our understanding
& recollection of events?
What Did @Piscitelli Say
Briefly reflect on:
• What Alejandro Piscitelli said on Monday
• The impact he had on you
• The things you disagreed with
Here are my thoughts:
• We are living in a post-Google world. Education
needs to recognise this!
• Universities has always been in crisis. We can
adapt :-)
• Education & learning is a mashup - taking
multiple ideas and using them in new ways. We
must have the right to remix
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
My Thoughts
Here are my thoughts:
• We are living in a post-Google world. Education
needs to recognise this!
• Universities has always been in crisis. We can
adapt :-)
• Education & learning is a mashup - taking
multiple ideas and using them in new ways. We
must have the right to remix
• Web 2.0 can go wrong, such as loss of many
Facebook pages. Web 2.0 is therefore risky.
Should Universities take such risks?
• Web 2.0 is about the privatisation of learning by
large media companies. AVoid at all costs!!!
My thoughts (or not!) Alejandro doesn´t own the
thoughts, the interpreatuons, the misinterpretations,
...
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What He Said
See http://www.rsc-nescotland.org.uk/mashe
/ititle/v/id/14762814/
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Web 2.0
Web 2.0
What Is Web 2.0?
Marketing term (derived from observing 'patterns') rather
than technical standards - “an attitude not a technology”
Characteristics Of Web 2.0
• Network as platform
• Always beta
• Clean URIs
• Remix and mash-ups
 Syndication (RSS)
• Architecture of participation
 Blogs & wikis
 Social networking
 Social tagging
(folksonomies)
Web2MemeMap, Tim O’Reilly,
• Trust and openness
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2005
University 2.0
Web 2.0
University (2.0)
Architecture of
participation
Expectation of students as active
learners, not passive consumers.
Universities as democratic
institutions.
Trust and
openness
Giving responsibilities to students &
staff. Academic freedom. Less of a
managerial cultural than in other
public sector organisations.
???
Subject as the platform, not the
institution. But more of a challenge
(outsourcing as a threat)
Network as
platform
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Benefits of University 2.0
Delivery Mechanisms (“network as platform”):
• Global outreach: maximise engagement with and
impact of ideas
• Outsourced services: allowing organisations to
focus on their strengths
• Exploits infrastructure: standards (e.g. RSS) &
services (Google, Amazon, Twitter, ..) in place
User Benefits:
• Users no longer passive consumers of content
• User can create and comment on content
• Use services they’ll encounter when they leave
• Social Web enhances collaborative learning &
research
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What’s Happening in the UK?
UKOLN’s Institutional
Web Management
Workshop (IWMW) :
• 3-day event held
annually since 1997
• Attracts ~170-200
participants
• Mixture of plenary
talks, parallel
workshop sessions,
barcamps, …
What ‘University 2.0’ topics did Web managers discuss at
IWMW A2010
atinthe
of Sheffield on 12-14
July?
centre ofheld
expertise
digitalUniversity
information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
34
Sheffield Made Us Video
http://iwmw.ukoln.ac.uk/iwmw2010/sessions/st
anley/
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Mobile Web
Bristol University’s Campus Assistant project
Access to
University
information about
events, timetable,
etc. and third party
information about
bus timetables, etc.
using the student’s
personal device
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The future might
include Augmented
Reality www.ukoln.ac.uk
Disaster Planning
“Wordpress
can be
used UCL
to push
information
other wrong:
Talk by Jeremy
Speller,
on “It's
all gonetohorribly
A centre of expertise in digital information management
services”
disaster
communication in a crisis”
37
www.ukoln.ac.uk
Use of Social Networks
‘Follow Us On Twitter…
Join Our Facebook
Group’ parallel session
facilitated by Joanna
Blackburn, University of
Salford
Explored opportunities
provided by Social Web,
associated risks & ways
of addressing risks
Video summary of session available
on IWMW 2010 blog
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Mashups
‘FlashMash or "Flash, I
love you, but we only
have 90 minutes to build
a mashup’ parallel
session facilitated by
Owen Stephens
Hands-on session with
participants trying to
build a mashup which
merges two or more
sets of information
available on the Web
Video summary of session
available on IWMW 2010 blog
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Video Streaming
IWMW 20010
was an
‘amplified event’:
• Live video
streaming
• Official event
Twitterer
• Access to
videos after
event
•…
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Videos of talks still available, showing
speaker
screen display www.ukoln.ac.uk
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information and
management
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IWMW 2010 Blog
The IWMW 2010 blog was used to:
• Advertise the event and the talks
• Provide summaries of the sessions
• Publish interviews with participants
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Summaries of
talks published
www.ukoln.ac.uk
on event
log
Social Networks
Buddypress social network provided in hosted
Wordpress blog
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BuddyPress social
network provided
www.ukoln.ac.uk
on event
blog
Reuse of Slides
Where possible
slides were
hosted on
Slideshare which
allowed them to
be easily
embedded
elsewhere
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
IWMW10 Event Amplification
Amplified event is an:
“event in which talks & discussions are
'amplified' through use of networked
technologies in order to extend the reach of
the event deliberations”
The IWMW 2010 event amplification used:
• Video stream
• Twitter back channel
• Slideshare
We stated we would “treat the remote
audience as first-class citizens”
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Online Barcamp
Barcamp: user generated
conference, open,
participatory workshop
events, whose content is
provided by participants
But what about the online
audience?
Review of online
barcamp available on
IWMW 2010 blog
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Twitter Statistics
Longer session
but also
controversial
(MS Sharepoint)
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Summarizr
service used
to provide
statistics
based on
#iwmw10
tweets stored
in Twapper
Keeper
archive.
www.ukoln.ac.uk
Remote Usage
Summarizr service
updated shortly
before event to
provide summary of
geo-located tweets
Note relatively low no.
of geo-located tweets
possibly due to:
• Usability issues
• Privacy concerns
• Battery life
• …
48
Number of geo-located tweets: 331 (~9%)
A centre
of expertise in digital
informationoutside
managementSheffield
199
geo-located
tweets
www.ukoln.ac.uk
Review
49
We have seen:
• Uses of Web 2.0 highlighted at a national event
• Uses of Web 2.0 to support an event
Highlights of work you will be familiar with (?)
But:
• What of the risks?
• Are the approaches sustainable?
• Do they provide a good ROI?
• Will users use the services?
• What evidence do we have to justify assertions?
• ….
There’s a need for a framework to assist in selection of
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appropriate services
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Use of Social Networks
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BuddyPress
social network
for IWMW 2010
waswww.ukoln.ac.uk
little used
A Sceptic’s View
• “People won’t use Social Web services –
Social Web is for trivial personal uses”
• “The services aren’t sustainable”
• “What about privacy, data protection?”
• “What about copyright infringements and
other legal concerns?”
• “I don’t want my data trapped in such
services?”
• “We’ve no money  We need to focus on
core activities”
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Reshaping Gartner Curve
Chasm
Failure to go beyond
developers & early adopters
Need for:
• Advocacy
This talk looks at approaches
• Listening to users
for avoiding the chasm and
• …
shaping the curve
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Need For Advocacy
RIN Report gives two
barriers to uptake of Web
2.0:
• Lack of clarity around
benefits
• Concerns about quality
& trust
Recommends:
• Raising awareness of
tools & services
• Publicising examples
of successful uses &
good practices
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
Do You Have Examples?
Your advocacy. Can you:
• Provide evidence of, say, effective use of
Twitter?
If so have you:
• Publicised such examples?
• Invited feedback and comments?
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Evidence of Twitter’s Benefits
Keynote talk at OZeWAI 2009 conference given in
Melbourne in January 2009
Afterwards two tweets received:
“@briankelly enjoyed your presentation this morning
about a holistic approach to accessibility #ozewai”
“@briankelly Fantastic talk this morning, I will come
up and say hi at lunch ;)“.
This led to:
• Discussions at conference
• Awareness of how their expertise complement
mine
• Their contributions to a subsequent peerreviewed paper
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Evidence of Twitter’s Benefits
Blog post on “It Started With A Tweet”:
• Tweet received from @slewth
• Looked at her Twitter profile
• Followed link to her blog
• Similar interests so made contact
which led to joint paper
Follow-up post on “You Have 45
Second To Make An Impression”
described how paper won prize at W4A
2010 conference 
Examples of evidence of how Twitter can develop professional
networks
which
caninlead
to tangible
research benefits
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of expertise
digital information
management
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Advocacy & Listening - Example
Twitter:
• Liked by many early
adopters
• Need to explain its
potential to others
• Need to understand
& address concerns
Approach taken:
• Blogs posts
• Listening to
responses
• Briefing documents
• Monitoring reactions
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
But It May Not Be For Everyone
Should everyone:
• Give talks
• Write papers
• Write software
If not, should we expect
everyone to use social media?
Those who are most willing to
(a) share details of other’s ideas
(b) share their own ideas
may be Belbin “resource investigators” &“plants”
“I agree that a Plant/Resource Investigator combo is
perfect for the stereotypical blog author”
“Social Web tools are perhaps more readily adopted by
individuals with certain characteristics than other”
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What Do You Use?
What Web 2.0 tools do you use regularly?
• Blogs (reading)
• Blogs (writing)
• Twitter
• Wikis (Wikipedia)
What other Web 2.0 aspects do you use?
• Creative Commons for your materials
• Commenting on other people’s blogs
• Allowing your content to be syndicated
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Evidence of Perceived Barriers
64
Series of Web 2.0 workshops has provided evidence of the barriers to
centreofofWeb
expertise
information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
effectiveAuse
2.0in digital
services
The Barriers
Data lock-in
Lack of
expertise
Personal
concerns
Sustainability
of services
Lack of interest:
colleagues
Data protection,
privacy, …
Barriers
Accessibility
Does it deliver
expected benefits?
Difficulties in
selection
Inappropriate
content
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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Lack of interest:
users
Costs
www.ukoln.ac.uk
What Barriers Have You Found?
Have you:
• Used services which disappeared?
• Used services which changes their T&Cs?
• Had difficulties in getting your data out?
• Had difficulties and had no Help Desk to
provide support?
• Forgot the service’s username /
password?
• Worried about information, photos, … of
you on Social Web services?
• …
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Barriers
The Barriers Are Real!
My
datatowas
exportable
via RSSwhich
but (a)
how
Need
monitor
small signals
may
greater
usable
is this
and
significance
later(b) how obvious is this solution?
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Personal example
using Squirl.info:
• A record of
books I’ve read
(data gathered
from Amazon)
• Amazon interface
broke in Feb 2008
• But there is an
export function …
• … which is broken
• Others have
complained
www.ukoln.ac.uk
Changes to T&C
To continue using Ning, you must select a plan by
August 20, 2010. Plans start at just $2.95/month ...
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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Ning Social
Network used
to support
IWMW 2008
Withdrawal of
free service
announced in
2010
Service
withdrawn in
August
www.ukoln.ac.uk
If you ignore your social network it
Lest You Forget
may attract spam comments
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Privacy, Data Protection, …
Barriers
Digital cameras, mobile
photos, camcorders, … are
increasing volume of photos
/ videos being taken and
being published online.
But what about issues such
as:
• Privacy
• Data protection
• Confidentiality
• …
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Barriers
Inappropriate Content
Inappropriate content
might include:
• Spam comments
on blogs
• Pornography
• Misleading
information
• Illegal content
• …
Over 250,000 spam comments submitted to the
A centre of expertise in digital information management
71 UK Web focus blog from Nov 2006 – June 2008
www.ukoln.ac.uk
Barriers
Beware The IT Fundamentalists
We need to avoid simplistic solutions to the complexities:
• Open Standards Fundamentalist: we just need XML
• Open Source Fundamentalist: we just need Linux
• Vendor Fundamentalist: we must use next version of our
enterprise system (and you must fit in with this)
• Accessibility Fundamentalist: we must do WAI WCAG 1.0
• User Fundamentalist: must do whatever users want
• Legal Fundamentalist: it breaches copyright, …
• Ownership Fundamentalist: must own everything we use
• Perfectionist: It doesn't do everything, so we'll do nothing
• Simplistic Developer: I've developed a perfect solution – I
don't care if it doesn't run in the real world
• Web 2.0: It’s new; its cool!
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Possible Solutions
Addressing Barriers
How do we address such barriers:
• Ignore them and take risks
• Refuse to engage with Web 2.0
Or adopt a balanced approach:








Assess and manage risks
Staff development
New media literacy / Transliteracy
Evidence-based policy-making
Clarification of purposes of services
Re-interpretation
Sharing solutions
Clarification of responsibilities
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Embedding &
Sustainability
framework
www.ukoln.ac.uk
Possible Solutions
Interoperability Issues
What happens if Social Web services host your data and:
• You can’t get the data back out?
• You only get the unstructured or poor quality data
back out?
• You can’t get the comments, annotations, tags out?
There’s a need to:
• Ensure data export capabilities or
• Upload data from an alternative managed sources
• Understand limitations of data export / import and
make plans around limitations
• Perhaps accept limitations
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Blog Case Study (1a)
UKOLN blogs hosted in The
Cloud:
• UK Web Focus
Personal
• Rambling of a
Remote Worker professional
blogs
• JISC PoWR
• JISC SUETr Project
blogs
• …
Managed cessation of JISC
PoWR blog
75
See “Approaches to archiving professional blogs hosted in
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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the cloud”
iPres 2010 paper
Blog Case Study (1b)
Processes:
• Announcement on
impending freeze
• Removal of dynamic
widgets (e.g. live
Twitter feeds)
• Analysis &
publication of
statistics
• Closure post
• XML dump taken
(for possible
migration)
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Blog Case Study 2
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IWMW 2009 Blog
The IWMW 2009
event blog:
• Also frozen
• Policies
described
• Statistics
provided
• Links to
resources
provided
• Links to future
events
maintained
• Dynamic
www.ukoln.ac.uk
widget
remove
Social Network Case Study
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Ning used to host
IWMW 2008 event
social network
Email received on 16
Aug 2010 with 5 days
notice of closure
Actions:
• WinHTTrack used
to mirror resource
• Summary of usage
to be documented
(little use)
• Local copy then to
www.ukoln.ac.uk
be deleted
Slideshare – OK so Far?
What happens to your slides if Slideshare disappears?
Approach taken to risk of loss of access mechanism:
• Master copy held on managed environment
• Info on master on title slide and metadata
• CC licence & download available – many copies
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Is Remote The Problem?
We’ve seen:
• Remote services which are lost
• Remote services which change their terms and
conditions
We’ve also seen the effort needed to main content :
• Remove spam
• Manage access
• Migrate content
Do we conclude:
• Remote service may have demonstrated value
• Now need to implement services in-house?
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The Individual’s Blog (1)
Auricle blog:
• Launched at Bath
Uni in Jan 2004 by
head of e-learning
team, Bath
• High profile & public
visibility by early
adopter & evangelist
Today:
• It’s disappeared
from Bath Web site
• Lost after evangelist
left, new staff arrive,
new priorities,
concerns over
security, …
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The Individual’s Blog (2)
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Auricle reborn:
• Further Google
revealed the blog has
been reborn
• New domain
(www.auricle.org/)
• New engine
(Wordpress) & look and
feel (but old engine still
available)
• New content being
added
• Old content still
accessible
Preservation is helped by:
• Continued access
• Motivated & skilled
owners www.ukoln.ac.uk
Being Realistic
Options in light of the
credit crunch:
• Let’s build up an
empire now which will
be embarrassing to
close down
• Let’s use issues of
ownership, stability,
privacy, … to stifle
discussion of 3rd party
solutions
• Let’s explore a blended
approach (a 3rd way?)
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83
www.ukoln.ac.uk
The Pilot was a Success …
Following a very successful pilot project the JANET
Collaborate prototype site will shortly be retired.
…
This retirement has come about as a result of difficulties in
maintaining the prototype beyond its intended lifetime. We
are now looking at how to add the functionality into the
JANET service portfolio in order to provide an improved
feature set based on the requirements gathered in the pilot.
We understand that some fans of the prototype site may be
disappointed by this news. We apologise for this and at the
same time thank all the users of the prototype for their strong,
enthusiastic support during the pilot.
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Managed External Services
We’re seeing
greater take-up of
email in the cloud
Cloud computing - Hope or
Hype?, From A Distance blog,
Discussions about managed cloud
A centre Chris
of expertise
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4 Nov 2009,
Sexton
services now mainstream
85
X
Photo
fromof
Guardian
A centre
expertiseOnline
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3 July 2010
The 1 – 9 – 90 Challenge
Participation Inequality: Encouraging More Users to
Contribute
In most online communities, 90% of users are lurkers who
never contribute, 9% of users contribute a little, and 1% of users
account for almost all the action. (Jakob Neilson, Oct 2006)
Potential Benefits:
Potential Dangers:
• Globalisation
• Globalisation
• Cross-fertilisation
• Mono-culture
• Unexpected benefits
• Unexpected dangers
• Maximising impact
• Loss of impact
We need to accept that Cloud Services will play an
important
role
in higher
A
centre of expertise
in digital
informationeducation
management
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87
Re-interpreting Accessibility
Web 2.0 services may not comply with WCAG 1.0
accessibility guidelines:
• But many Web 1.0 sites fail to comply too
• The guidelines themselves are flawed
We can:
• Make use of WCAG 2.0 guidelines (much better)
• Seek to address the accessibility of the purposes
of the digital services, rather than the digital
resources themselves:
 Blended accessibility for blended learning
 Holistic accessibility
 See papers of Accessibility 2.0, Holistic
Accessibility, …
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Just-In-Time Accessibility
89
Amplified events:
• Enhance accessibility for
those who may find travel
to events difficult
• May be regarded as
infringing WCAG
accessibility guidelines
Our approaches:
• Using “reasonable
measures” required in
legislation
• Exploiting technical
innovations e.g. iTitle
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Twitter captions
Sustainability Framework
Proposed sustainability framework
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Policies
Policies
Institutional policies:
• Determined by governance model
Influenced by:
• Organisational culture
• Discipline cultures (e.g. arts vs sciences)
• Wider issues (e.g. economic factors,
political factors, local & regional factors,
…)
Implications:
• One size doesn’t fit all
• Importance flexibility & of change control www.ukoln.ac.uk
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Policies
Lightweight Policies
Experience at
Croydon Council
illustrates the
need for
lightweight and
flexible policies
Mosman Council
provides an
example of a
lightweight policy
for Twitter
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Social Media Policy
Essex
The
University
have
accompanying
recently
advice supports
announced
their
developments
social
of bestmedia
policy
practices
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93
www.ukoln.ac.uk
Risk Management
Risks and IWMW 2006
Risk assessment
approach initially
developed for
IWMW 2006
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94
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Risk Management
Risks and IWMW 2006
Summary of the
risks
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Risk Management
Risks and IWMW 2006
There are also risks in doing nothing
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96
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Copyright Risks
R=AxBxCxD
where
R is the financial risk;
A is the chances that what has been done is infringement;
B is the chances that the copyright owner becomes aware of
such infringement;
C is the chances that having become aware, the owner sues;
D is the financial cost (damages, legal fees, opportunity costs
in defending the action, plus loss of reputation) for such a
legal action.
Note this is a device aimed at providing a new way
of looking at copyright issues
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Legal Risks
Factors to bear in mind:
• Commercial use: a rights owner who later
becomes aware of the use of their work may be
more likely to pursue an action for infringement of
copyright than if the work is being purely used for
educational purposes.
• Particularly sensitive subject areas: music,
geographic data, literary works by eminent
authors and artistic works including photographs
and drawings.
• Is there any track record of the contributor
ignoring legal niceties in the past?
• Is there any track record of a particular third party
having
before?
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digital information management
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98
Reducing the Legal Risks
Approaches:
• Have clear and
robust notice and
take down policies
• Have procedures
with a clear
address given for
complaints
Example from JORUM
Procedures to Deal
with Queries, Alerts and
Complaints www.ukoln.ac.uk
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99
Towards a Framework
Biases
• Application to
existing
services
• Application to
in-house
development
•…
Intended
Purpose
Benefits
Risks
Missed Opps.
• Sharing
experiences
• Learning from
successes
& failures
• Tackling biases
•…
Risk
MInimisation
Evidence
“Time To Stop Doing and Start
Thinking: A Framework For
Exploiting Web 2.0 Services”,
Museums & the Web 2009
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Costs
10
0
Subjective factors
Using The Framework
Twitter for individuals Organisational Fb Page
Community
support
Rapid
feedback
Org. brand
Marketing,
community
Policies
Intended
Purpose
Marketing
events,…
Benefits
Large audiences
Risks
Missed Opps.
Risk
MInimisation
Ownership, privacy,
lock-in, effort
Marketing opportunities
Workflow
Evidence
Low?
10
1
Costs
Low?
Use
of approach in two scenarios: use of Twitter & Facebook
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“When The Axeman Cometh”
Questions senior managers may be asking:
• What third party services are being used
across the institution?
• What are the risks to the institution if
services are not sustainable?
• How should such risks be minimised?
How should we respond?
10
2
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The Audit
Memo
From: Pro VC
To: Heads of departments
Following the news of the loss of services
hosted at MicroScape at the XYZ University
demise heads of department are required to
provide:
• An audit of use of third party services
• A summary of associated risks
• A description of risk management strategies
10
3
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Openness?
http://www.flickr.com/photos/gauri_lama/3039881498/
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Openness & Risk-Taking
Government to cut public sector funding by 2040%
How should we respond:
• Sharing our experiences in order to avoid
duplication & learn from mistakes (“all
bugs shallow to many eyes”)
• Thinking globally (or nationally) whilst
acting locally
• Open as the default
10
5
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Avoiding Duplication
Various
reports
commis
sioned
Senior managers
perspective
10
6
Technical perspective
Service Provider’s
perspective
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User perspective
Domain perspective
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Duplication Across HEIs
Need to minimise duplication of effort at institutional
level
How many Social
Web policy
documents will be
produced across
the 160+ UK HEIs?
Need to avoid
unnecessary
replication of effort
10
7
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Need To Create & Share Content
Is it realistic to ask for:
• 1 blog post per month on completed and
planned activities?
• 1 post per week?
Can we build up a shared knowledge base:
• 160 universities x 2 contributors / team x
52 weeks = 16,640 posts / year
10
8
Questions
• Are support departments (Web teams, IT Services,
Library, …) failing to share?
• Is tax-payers money funding unnecessary
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duplication?
Ease of Access
Why isn’t focussed UK HE
content more easily accessed
within sector? Work to
support better access to Web
team blogs starting shortly
10
9
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Academic Library Example
Search across UK HE
Library Web sites
• Implemented to
support specific
project
• Bottom-up, not top
down
• Documented on
Tony Hirst’s blog
• Not widely known 
Mobile interface.
Also find links to
‘my’ organisation
11
0
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Where’s The Content?
Need to encourage more writing &
sharing resources, ideas & plans.
Threats to UK Public Libraries
“Frances is right - why not think
nationally? There are so many variations
of services provided by public libraries
depending on each local authority.
There's no consistency, and little joined
up thinking.”
Also true of Universities?
11
1
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Sustainability Framework
Stepping back and seeing the bigger picture
11
2
Advocacy
Embedding
Sustaining
• Engaging with
early adopters
• Supporting early
mainstream
users
• Listening to
concerns
• Refining uses &
advocacy
• Openness of
advocacy
•…
• Gained evidence of
value
• Supporting
mainstream users
• Observing patterns
of emerging best
practices
• Documenting risks
assessments
• Openness of
embedding
processes
•…
• Using the
evidence
• Encouraging
late mainstream
users
• Implementing
risk
management
• Openness of
sustainability
processes
•…
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Conclusions
To conclude:
• Web 2.0 and University 2.0 can deliver
tangible benefits
• But there are risks
• And there are risks in doing nothing or
sticking with existing approaches
• The risks need to be assessed &
managed
• Key aspect of University 2.0 is openness,
not technology
11
3
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Conclusions
The future is
exciting - but
organisations
will need to
address the
challenges.
11
4
Acknowledgments to Michael Edson for the Web Tech Guy and Angry Staff
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Person post / comic strip
Questions
Any questions
11
5
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