Transcript Library 2.0

http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/conferences/bridging-worlds-2008/
Library 2.0: Balancing the Risks and
Benefits to Maximise the Dividends
Brian Kelly, UKOLN
University of Bath
Bath, BA2 7AY
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(but note caveat) www.ukoln.ac.uk
Introduction
About Me
Brian Kelly:
• National Web adviser to UK Universities and
cultural heritage organisations
• Based at UKOLN, a national centre of expertise
in digital information management and located at
the University of Bath
• Involved in Web since January 1993
• Current Information World Review’s
Information Professional of the Year
• Over 300 presentations given since 1997
• Current area of interest include Web 2.0, Web
standards and Web accessibility
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Introduction
Using Tools I Talk About
Talks given Jan-Sept 2008
Work activities use
Web 2.0 technologies
& approaches:
• RSS feeds for
structured
information
• Geo-location data
• Exploitation of 3rd
party services
• Openness of
resources
• Risk assessment /
management
approaches
Note
usein of
blogs,
video
blogs, YouTube www.ukoln.ac.uk
Twitter, …
A centrealso
of expertise
digital
information
management
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About This Talk
This talk:
• Provides a brief summary of Web 2.0 and Library
2.0, with some examples of its use
• Describes barriers to the successful deployment of
Library 2.0
• Looks at ways of overcoming such barriers
 Acknowledging the barriers
 Risk assessment and risk management
 Staff development, new media literacy, …
 Embracing diversity
 Cultural change
…
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Web 2.0
Web 2.0
What Is Web 2.0?
Marketing term (derived from observing 'patterns') rather
than technical standards - “an attitude not a technology”
Characteristics Of Web 2.0
• Network as platform
• Always beta
• Clean URIs
• Remix and mash-ups
 Syndication (RSS)
• Architecture of participation
 Blogs & Wikis
 Social networking
 Social tagging
(folksonomies)
Web2MemeMap, Tim O’Reilly,
• Trust and openness
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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2005
Library 2.0
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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Library 2.0:
• Term coined on
LibraryCrunch
blog
• Definition
available on
Wikipedia
Also note:
• Arguments
about validity of
the term
• Quality issues
regarding
www.ukoln.ac.uk
Wikipedia
entry
Academic Library Example
University of
Wolverhampton
provide 5 blogs to
support academic
departments
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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An Electronic
Resources
Newsletter is
driven by blog
software. The
information is
available via:
• RSS
• Email
www.ukoln.ac.uk
Academic Library Example
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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A Facebook page
provides:
• Brief factual
information
• Links to key
resources on main
Web site
• Dynamic content
embedded via RSS
• Calendar information
embedded via
Google calendar
• Ability for users to
become www.ukoln.ac.uk
‘fans’
Academic Library Example
Google calendar
is used:
• For key library
events
• To allow event
details to be
embedded in a
variety of sites,
including pages
on institutional
Web site
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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National Library Example
Example of use of Web 2.0 services
embedded within a Welsh Assembly
Government funded project
National Library of Wales
“Shaping the future: The
Library’s strategy 2008-2009 to
2010-2011”:
“We propose taking
advantage of new online
technology, including …
Web 2.0 services …
It is expected that the Library
itself will provide only some
specific services on its
website. Instead, the intention
is to promote and facilitate
the use of the collections by
external users, in accordance
with specific guidelines.”
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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Research Library Example
NRC-CISTI (National Research
Council of Canada and Canada’s
National Science Library &
Publisher) is engaging with Web
2.0’s opportunities:
• Use of wikis to support
collaboration by staff /
researchers
• Use of SOA approaches to
integrate services
• Popularity of Facebook in
Canadian universities
and challenges:
• Privacy laws (similar to EU)
• Multi-lingual issues
• Popularity of Facebook in
Canadian universities 
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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Benefits of Library 2.0
Delivery Mechanisms (“network as platform”):
• Global outreach: maximise impact of and
engagement with ideas
• Outsourced services: allowing organisations to
focus on their strengths and small institutions to
engage on more equal terms
• Exploits infrastructure: the standards (e,g. RSS)
& services (Google, Amazon, ..) now in place
User Benefits:
• User can create content
• Can comment on other’s content
• Users no longer passive consumers of content
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Takeup Of New Technologies
The Gartner curve
Rising expectations
Service plateau
Enterprise
software
Large
budgets
…
Chasm
Failure to go beyond developers
& early adopters (cf Gopher)
Trough
Need for:
of despair
• Advocacy
• Listening to users
Developers
• Addressing concerns
• Deployment strategies This talk now looks at
Early
• …
approaches for www.ukoln.ac.uk
avoiding the
adopters
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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chasm and shaping the curve
Advocacy & Listening - Example
Twitter:
• Liked by many early
adopters
• Need to explain its
potential to others
• Need to understand
& address concerns
Approach taken:
• Blogs posts
• Listening to
responses
• Briefing documents
• Monitoring reactions
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Evidence of Perceived Barriers
15
Series of Web 2.0 workshops for UK cultural heritage organisations is
of expertise
in digital
information
management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
providingA centre
evidence
of the
barriers
to effective
use of Web 2.0 services
The Barriers
Data lock-in
Lack of
expertise
Sustainability
of services
Lack of interest:
colleagues
Data protection,
privacy, …
Barriers
Accessibility
Does it deliver
expected benefits?
Difficulties in
selection
Inappropriate
content
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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Lack of interest:
users
Costs
www.ukoln.ac.uk
Barriers
The Barriers Are Real!
Personal example
using Squirl.info:
• A record of
books I’ve read
(data gathered
from Amazon)
• Amazon interface
broke in Feb 2008
• But there is an
export function …
• … which is broken
• Others have
My data was exportable via RSS but (a) how usable
complained
is this and
(b) how obvious is this solution?
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Barriers
Sustainability of the Services
“Network as the platform”:
• Great when it works
But:
• Reliance on 3rd party companies with no
negotiated contracts
• Uncertainties over reliability, performance and
long term sustainability
• It’s not just the small companies, either:




Twitter
Slideshare (Amazon dependencies)
Google apps (e.g. GMail)
Skype (when large MS updates released)
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Privacy, Data Protection, …
Barriers
Digital cameras, mobile
photos, camcorders, … are
increasing volume of photos
/ videos being taken and
being published online.
But what about issues such
as:
• Privacy
• Data protection
• Confidentiality
• …
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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Barriers
Lack of Expertise & Resources
Further feedback on barriers (and
possible solutions) has been
obtained from workshops for
cultural heritage organisations:
• Lack of in-house expertise
• Lack of support from
management
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Barriers
Inappropriate Content
Inappropriate content
might include:
• Spam comments
on blogs
• Pornography
• Misleading
information
• Illegal content
• …
Over 250,000 spam comments submitted to the
A centre of expertise in digital information management
21 UK Web focus blog from Nov 2006 – June 2008
www.ukoln.ac.uk
Barriers
Beware The IT Fundamentalists
We need to avoid simplistic solutions to the complexities:
• Open Standards Fundamentalist: we just need XML
• Open Source Fundamentalist: we just need Linux
• Vendor Fundamentalist: we must use next version of our
enterprise system (and you must fit in with this)
• Accessibility Fundamentalist: we must do WAI WCAG 1.0
• User Fundamentalist: must do whatever users want
• Legal Fundamentalist: it breaches copyright, …
• Ownership Fundamentalist: must own everything we use
• Perfectionist: It doesn't do everything, so we'll do nothing
• Simplistic Developer: I've developed a perfect solution – I
don't care if it doesn't run in the real world
• Web 2.0: It’s new; its cool!
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Barriers
The Librarian Fundamentalists
Librarians:
• Think they know better than the user e.g. they don't like
people using Google Scholar; they should use Web of
Knowledge (who cares that users find it easier to use
Google Scholar & finds references they need that way?)
• Think that users should be forced to learn Boolean
searching & other formal search techniques because this
is good for them (despite Sheffield's study).
• Don't want the users to search for themselves (cf
folksonomies) because they won't get it right.
• They still want to classify the entire Web - despite the
fact that users don't use their lists of Web links.
• Want services to be perfect before they release them
to users. They are uneasy with the concept of 'forever
beta' (they don't believe that users have the ability to
figure things out themselves and work around the bugs).
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Barriers
Accessibility Barriers
Accessibility of public sector Web sites:
• In 2002, the European Parliament set the
minimum level of accessibility for all public sector
websites at Level Double-A.
• Riga eInclusion Declaration agreed to promote
inclusive e-government by 'ensuring accessibility
of all public Web sites by 2010, through
compliance with the relevant W3C common web
accessibility standards and guidelines'.
But don’t many Web 2.0 services infringe WCAG 1.0 guidelines
with, e.g., dependencies on AJAX technologies.
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Possible Solutions
Addressing Barriers
How do we address such barriers:
• Ignore them and take risks
• Refuse to engage with Web 2.0
Or adopt a balanced approach:








Assess and manage risks
Staff development
New media literacy / Transliteracy
Evidence-based policy-making
Clarification of purposes of services
Re-interpretation
Sharing solutions
Clarification of responsibilities
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Possible Solutions
Interoperability Issues
What happens if Social Web services host your data and:
• You can’t get the data back out?
• You only get the unstructured or poor quality data
back out?
• You can’t get the comments, annotations, tags out?
There’s a need to:
• Ensure data export capabilities or
• Upload data from an alternative managed sources
• Understand limitations of data export / import and
make plans around limitations
• Perhaps accept limitations
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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Possible Solutions
Sustainability Concerns …
What happens if Social Web and Library 2.0 services:
• Are unreliable?
• Change their terms and conditions (e.g. start
charging)?
• Become bankrupt
Things to remember:
• Services may be unreliable e.g. Twitter
• Market pressure is leading to changes to T&C – &
paid-for services may become free (e.g. Friends
Reunited)
• Banks may go bankrupt too – but we still use them
• Need for risk assessment and risk management
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.. In Troubled Economic Times
What if the worst case scenarios occur?
• Externally-hosted Web 2.0 providers: What if the services
provided by Google, Yahoo, etc. prove uneconomic and the services
are shut down or the terms and conditions changed, with perhaps
free-to-use services becoming subscription services?
• Our information providers: What if the services provided by
individuals within our institution, who use Slideshare, Flickr,
del.icio.us, etc. aren’t sustainable because the individuals may face
redundancy, early retirement, etc.?
• Our institutions: What if the economic downturn affects the
sustainability of the IT services provided within our institutions?
• Our national services: What if the national services provided for our
communities are similarly adversely affected, with users preferring
the services provided by the global services?
• Our funding organisations: What if our funding bodies have less
funds available, and are forced to stop or reduce the level of funding
provided to national or institutional services?
• Our user communities: What if our users expectations or interests
change?
Web 2.0 In Troubled Economic Times, UK Web Focus blog,
A24
centre
of expertise
www.ukoln.ac.uk
Sept
2008 in digital information management
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Possible Solutions
Managing Expectations
IAVE (International
Association of Volunteer
Effort) was “founded in
1970 by people who
saw volunteering as a
means to make
connections across
cultures”
But the IAVE Social
network:
• Only has 4
members
• And no discussions
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Possible Solutions
Support Issues
I don’t have the time to:
• Understand it all
• Use the technologies
• Embed technologies in
daily working practices
• Train my colleagues
Common Craft video clips
You can:
• View them at work
• Listen to the podcast on
the Tube
• Use them in training
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Possible Solutions
Maintaining Blog Enthusiasm
The comments on the content of the blog
were very pleasing for me:
• Invariably relevant and thought
provoking. Informed opinion that is not
opinionated.
• Entries and variety very interesting.
• Excellent, I can’t remember reading
anything that I thought was a waste of
my time.
• Informative and thought-provoking —
it’s good to read a blog about ‘web 2.0′
that manages to raise interesting
questions rather than being dogmatic
about the ‘right’ way to do things.
• marvellous - timely, detailed, open,
and invitingly humble!
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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Had a blog for a
while and lost your
enthusiasm?
Worried that you
won’t have anything
interesting to write
about?
But
perhaps
blogging
You
are
alone –
Have
annot
online
isn’t forare
– not
there
survey you
to many
solicit
everybody has
to blog,
resources
feedback –which
the
as I haveadvice
discussed
on
provide
on
feedback
may
my
Seesmic
video blog
topics
to
blog
about
reinvigorate you
www.ukoln.ac.uk
Possible Solutions
Deployment Strategies
I want to do use the Social
Web but:
• The IT Services department
bans it
• The council bans it
• My boss doesn’t approve
Area of interest to UKOLN:
• “Just do it”
• Subversive approach –
‘Friends of Foo’ if Foo can’t
use it
UKOLN briefing papers available
• Encourage enthusiasts
(with CC licence). More to be
• Don’t get in the way
released
shortly.
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
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Possible Solutions
IWMW 2006 & Risk Management
Since IWMW 2006 we’ve taken a risk management
approach to its evaluation of Web 2.0 technologies:
• Agreements: e.g. in the case of the Chatbot.
• Use of well-established services: Google &
del.icio.us are well-established and have financial
security.
• Notification: warnings that services could be lost.
• Engagement: with the user community: users actively
engage in the evaluation of the services.
• Provision of alternative services: multiple OMPL tools.
• Use in non-mission critical areas: not for bookings!
• Long term experiences of services: usage stats
• Availability of alternative sources of data: e.g.
standard Web server log files.
• Data export and aggregation: RSS feeds, aggregated
in Suprglu, OPML viewers, etc.
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Possible Solutions
New Media Literacy
Information Literacy:
• Can the library users assess and use the
information they find using well-established
retrieval tools
New Media Literacy / Transliteracy:
• Can the library users assess and use the
information they find using a diversity of tools
• Are the users aware of the ethical aspects
covering creation, use and reuse of content
(copyright, plagiarism, …)
• Users covers senior managers and policy makers
& not just conventional library visitors, students, …
Shouldn’t libraries be taking a leading role in developing
and
implementing new media literacy strategies
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
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Possible Solutions
Re-interpreting Accessibility
Web 2.0 services may not comply with WCAG 1.0
accessibility guidelines:
• But many Web 1.0 sites fail to comply too
• The guidelines themselves are flawed
We can:
• Make use of WCAG 2.0 guidelines (much better)
• Seek to address the accessibility of the purposes
of the digital services, rather than the digital
resources themselves:
 Blended accessibility for blended learning
 Holistic accessibility
 See papers of Accessibility 2.0, Holistic
Accessibility, …
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Possible Solutions
Re-interpreting Preservation
The JISC-funded
PoWR project sought
to engage with the
preservation
implications in a Web
2.0 environment
The project has used
blogs and wikis to
support its work
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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Web 2.0
Possible Solutions
Is Web 2.0 Different?
Implications of Web 2.0 for Web site preservation:
• Use of 3rd party services (‘network as platform’)
• Content  collaboration and communication
• Richer diversity of services (not just a file on a
filestore/CMS/database)
• More complex IPR issues
Let’s look at:
• Case study 1 - Wikis
• Case study 2 – Blogs
• Case study 3 – Reusing data
• Case study 4 – Disposable data
• Case study 5 – Slideshare
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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Web 2.0
Possible Solutions
Case Study 1: A Public Wiki
WetPaint wiki used to
support various workshops
Approaches taken:
• Open access to all prior
to & during event (to
minimise barriers to
creating content)
• Access restricted to
WetPaint users after
event
• Access later restricted
to event organisers
Many aspects of Web site curation are to do
See JISC PoWR blog
with implementing such best practices, rather
than implementing
technical
A centre of expertise
in digitalsolutions
information management post
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Web 2.0
Possible Solutions
Case Study 2a: Blog Migration
How might you
migrate the
contents of a
blog (e.g. you’re
leaving
college)?
This question
was raised by
Casey Leaver,
shortly before
leaving Warwick
University
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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Web 2.0
Possible Solutions
Case Study 2a: Blog Migration
She migrated her
blog from blogs at
Warwick Univ to
Wordpress
Note, though, that not all data was transferred (e.g. title, but
not
contents)
there’s
a need
to check transfer mechanisms
A centre
of expertiseso
in digital
information
management
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Case Study 2b:
The Individual’s Blog (1)
Possible Solutions
Auricle blog:
• Launched Jan
2004 by head of elearning team, Bath
• High profile &
public visibility by
early adopter &
evangelist
Today:
• It’s gone
• Lost after
evangelist left, new
staff arrive, new
priorities, …
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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Case Study 2b:
The Individual’s Blog (2)
Possible Solutions
Auricle reborn:
• Further Google
revealed the blog has
been reborn
• New domain
(www.auricle.org/)
• New engine
(Wordpress) & look
and feel (but old
engine still available)
• New content being
added
• Old content still
accessible
Preservation is helped by:
• Continued access
• Motivated & skilled
owners
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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Web 2.0
Possible Solutions
43
Case Study 3: Reusing Data
Blog post in Facebook.
Possible concerns:
• It’s not sustainable
• You’ve given ownership
to Facebook
Response:
• The post is managed in
WordPress; Fb displays
copy (to new audience)
• Fb don’t claim
ownership – they claim
rights to make money
It’s not the service, it’s how
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
you use the service
Web 2.0
Possible Solutions
Case Study 4: Disposable Data
Twitter – example of a microblogging application
Facebook status messages is
another related example
Issues:
• Will Twitter be sustainable over a long period?
• What will happen to the
data?
• What about the IPR for
‘tweets’?
• What about institutional
uses?
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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www.ukoln.ac.uk
Web 2.0
Possible Solutions
Case Study 4: Disposable Data
Many twitterers regard their
tweets as disposal
I tend to use Twitter as a ‘virtual
water cooler’ – sharing gossip,
jokes and occasional workrelated information with (mainly)
people I know
And
I exploited
Twitter’s
You
could make
use offree
clients
delivery
SMS messages
when
whichof
manage
your tweets
it was available in the UK
(e.g. treat like email)
But you should develop your
policies first, prior to exploring
technologies
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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Web 2.0
Possible Solutions
Case Study 4: Disposable Data
Skype (or your preferred VoIP
application) are growing in
popularity
Issues:
• Is the digital data (the call)
preserved?
• What about the video and
the IM chats?
Possible responses:
• Am I bovvered?
• I didn’t bother with
analogue phones, why
should I worry now?
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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Possible Solutions
Case Study 5: Slideshare
KEY
benefits
management
47
What happens to your slides if Slideshare disappears?
Recommended approach:
• Master copy held on managed environment
• Info on master on title slide and metadata
• CC licence & download available – many
copies
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
Possible Solutions
The Amplified Conference
Amplified conferences provide opportunities to explore
risk assessment / management approaches:
• Sharing slides (in advance): will people listen?
• Live broadcasting: who is listening; should I be
cautious?
• Recordings of audio / video: what if I look
terrible; sound terrible; make mistakes?
• The back channel: what if people ask difficult
questions; irrelevant questions; …?
• Talking (and sharing) photos: what about
privacy; data protection; …?
• How’s it funded? There are cost implications
• Problems:
What To
if things
goConferences”,
wrong? Things
can
“Using Networked
Technologies
Support
Kelly,
wrong!
Shabajee andgo
Tonkin,
EUNIS 2005 proposed an AUP framework
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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Possible Solutions
Applying Risks Generally
Web 2.0
Banks (1.0)
• May fail (and some
• May fail (and some
have failed)
have failed)
• May be mission critical
• Are mission critical
Therefore:
Therefore:
• We shouldn’t use
• We shouldn’t use
• We should develop /
• We should manage our
deploy services within
money ourselves
the organisation
• Then we’ll be safe
• Then we’ll be safe
49
There are risks in just doing things in-house:
Risks of lagging behind; risks in changes to in-house resources &
priorities; risks imposed by external funders; risks in lack of interest by
A centrerisks
of expertise
digitalwill
information
www.ukoln.ac.uk
our users;
that instaff
leave;management
…
Possible Solutions
But Who Takes the Risks?
We’ve done risk-taking previously e.g. assessing OPAC
vendors; assessing open source software; ...
But now:
• No formal contractual agreements
• Services registered by individuals
Possible strategies:
• Top-down approach: services must be approved
• Laissez faire approach: anything goes
• Flexible approaches:
•
•
•
•
Blog author should make mangers aware (cf BBC)
Departmental risk audits of use of 3rd party services
Sharing of risks
…
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Conclusions
To conclude:
• Web 2.0 and Library 2.0 can deliver tangible
benefits
• But there are risks
• And there are risks in doing nothing or sticking
with existing approaches
• The risks need to be assessed
• The risks need to be managed
• Sharing the risk assessment and risk
management strategies fits in with the Web 2.0
philosophy
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Questions
Any questions
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