Transcript Anthropology Wrap-Up

Anthropology Wrap-Up
Forensics Spring Semester
Term Review
• Anthropology
• Forensic Anthropology vs. Anthropology
• Joints vs Cartilage vs Ligaments vs
Tendons
• Osteoclasts, Osteoblasts, Osteocyte
• Osteoporosis
• Ossification
• Osteobiography
Term Review
• Anthropology – study of all aspects of
human development – tools, traditions,
language, etc.
• Forensic Anthropology – identifying
characteristics from remains of an
individual – sex, race, ~height, health &
injuries
• Joints – where bones come together
• Ligaments – hold bones together
• Tendons – connect bones to muscles
• Cartilage – “soft bone” tissue, cushions
and acts as a shock absorber
Term Review
• Osteoblasts – living bone cells
• Osteoclasts- cells that dissolve old bone
• Osteocytes – newly trapped osteoblasts
that form new bone framework – no longer
“living”
• Ossification – hardening of bone tissue
• Osteoporosis – weakening of bones due to
loss of calcium
• Osteobiography – interpretation of bones –
what story they tell
Notes Review
• Number of Bones
• Age of Bones
• Males vs Females
• Skull
• Pelvis
• Thigh Bone
Notes Review
• Adults 206 Infants 450
• Determined by closing of sutures in
cranium, bone density, number and
development of bones
• Male skull – larger, bumpier, low sloping
frontal bone, square orbits, square jaw and
chin, occipital protuberance
• Female Skull – smaller, smoother, high
rounded frontal bone, round orbits, sloped
jaw (~ 90o), v-shaped chin
Notes Review
• Male Pelvis – subpubic angle < 82o,
triangular pubis, heart shaped pelvic
cavity, narrow sacral curved inward, large
oval obturator foramen
• Female Pelvis – subpubic angle 90o,
rectangular pubis, oval shaped pelvic
cavity, short sacral curved outward,
triangular obturator foramen
• Male thigh – straight
• Female thigh - angled
Notes Review
• Age of Person (Reference Chart 13-19)
Suture Marks
Cartilaginous Lines
Long Bones
Height of a Person
Use humerus or the femur
How do they differ for different Races
Notes Review
• Suture marks on skull
• Cartilaginous lines – called an epiphysis –
line no longer visible when bone hardens
completely, varies with bone type
• Long bones – fuse to shaft
• Used to determine height with
mathematical relationships (femur and
humerous)
• Different tables for different races
Notes Recap
• Race
• Shape of eye sockets
• Absence or presence of nasal spine
• Measurement of the Nasal Index
• Prognathism – projection of upper jaw
• See Chart 13-21
• With interracial marriages this has
become less reliable. Why?
Extras
Facial Reconstruction helpful in ID
DNA Evidence – soft tissue lost over time
Mitochondrial DNA (Define and why
useful) DNA in bones, from mother, long
lastiing
Breakage Patterns of Bones
“Live Bones” - repair
“Old Bones”
Summary page 374