Transcript Chapter 14 Bones, muscle, and skin

Chapter 14
Bones, muscle, and skin
Sections 1& 2
Mrs. Bailey 7th grade
Objectives
•
•
•
•
Levels of organization of human body
Tissue types
Body systems overview
Skeletal system overview
–
–
–
–
4 categories of bone
5 functions
Moveable and immoveable joints
Bone structure
• Compact vs. spongy bone
• Marrow red and yellow
Section 1-Body organization
• The levels of organization in the body
consist of cells, tissue, organs, & organ
systems
• Cell-basic building unit of life
• Tissue-a group of similar cells
• Organs- a group of different tissue
• Organ system- a group of organs working
together.
Tissue types
• 4 types of tissue
• Muscular tissue- makes up the muscles to
allow movement
• Nervous tissue- makes up nerves that
send messages
• Epithelial tissue- make up the skin that
covers and protects
• Connective tissue- make up the bones.
Connects and supports parts of the body.
Section 2-Organ systems
• The human body is made of 11 different
systems:
• Skeletal
Respiratory Immune
• Muscular
Excretory
• Circulatory
Endocrine
• Nervous
Reproductive
• Digestive
Cardiovascular
Skeletal system
• Consists of all the bones in your body.
• Infants have 350 bones that fuse together as the
baby grows.
• Adults have 206 bones.
• Smallest bone-stirrup (found in inner ear)
• Largest bone-femur (found in thigh)
• Bones consist of living material that grows and
repairs itself
How are bones classified
•
•
•
•
4 categories of bone
1. long bones ( legs and arms)
2. short bones (wrists and ankles)
3. flat bones (ribs, sternum, skull,
shoulder)
• 4. irregular bones (vertebrae and all other
bones)
Skeletal system
• 5 Functions of skeletal system:
• 1. Shapes and supports the body
• 2. Helps with movement along with
muscle system
• 3. Protects internal organs (heart, brain)
• 4. Produces blood cells using marrow
• 5. stores minerals such as calcium.
How do bones move?
• Joints , places in the body where two
bones meet, allow for bending, twisting,
swinging, rotating and sliding.
• www.PHSchool.com web code cep-4012
Moveable vs Immoveable Joints
• Immoveable Joints- places where bones
are connected but they cannot move
• Ex. Skull
• Movable Joints- allow movement between
bones
– Ligaments-connect bone to bone
– Cartilage- strong, flexible, connective tissue
found in nose, ears and between joints.
Types of moveable joints
• 4 types of moveable joints
• 1.Hinge joint- allows forward and
backward motion (knee, elbow)
• 2. Ball and socket -allows greatest range
of circular motion (hip & shoulder)
• 3. Pivot joint -allows for rotation (side to
side) neck
• 4.Gliding joint -allows bending (wrists &
ankles)
Bone structure
• Bones are complex living structures that
undergo growth and development
• Bones are covered by a thin membrane.
• Blood vessels and nerves enter and leave
through the membrane.
• Composed of compact and spongy bone.
Bone structure
• Compact bone – hard and dense but not solid.
• Spongy bone- Located at the ends of bones.
Contains many small spaces
• Marrow- connective tissue found inside the
bone.
– Red marrow- produces red blood cells (children)
– Yellow marrow- produces and stores fats (teens)
Femur-longest single bone in
human body that makes up 25% of
a persons height.
Review questions
• 1. What are two types of bone marrow?
• 2. How are moveable joints held together?
• 3. What are the functions of the skeletal
system?
• 4. What is the level of organization of the
human body?
• 5. What is the difference between tissue
and organs?