Transcript File
All the rest of the bones of the body Keirstyn is awesome! Pectoral girdle Pectoral girdle: Clavicle: •s-shaped, horizontally above 1st rib • medial end joins with sternum •Lateral end joins with acromion of the scapula •Function: Scapula: •Lg, flat, triangular bone •Spine runs diagonly across posterior surface of body •Lateral end of spine = glenoid cavity Caracoid process: Humerous •Longest bone of upper limbs •Head @ proximal end •Anatomical neck = site of epiphyseal plate •Body contains V-shaped area called deltoid tuberosity •Distal end; capitulum; rounded knob joins with head of radius •Radial fossa recieves head of radius when you flex •Trochlea; spool-shaped joins with ulna •Coronoid fossa: recieves ulna when forearm is flexed •Olecranon fossa: back of bone, recieves olecranon of ulna when forearm is straightened. Ulna and radius --radial tuberosity •Little finger side •Longer than radius •Olecranon process froms prominence of elbow •Olecranon process and coronoid process and trochlear notch receive the trochlear of humerous •Radial notch fit the head of the radius Radius: •Thumb side •Head joins with capitulum of humerous and radial notch •Radial tuberosity provides pt of attchment for bicep brachii muscle •Distal end joins with 3 carpal bones Carpals •Held together by ligaments •Named for their shape •Concavity formed by the pisiform and hamate; scaphoid and trapezium make a space called the carpal tunnel Metacarpals Each consists of a base, distal head B O D y base Phalanges •14 bones in each hand •1 bone = phalanx •Consist of base, body, head Pelvic girdle -----sacroiliac joint •Consists of 2 hip bones (coxal bones) •Functions: 1. Support for vertebral column 2. Protect pelvic viscera 3. Attach lower limbs to axial skeleton • United in front at pubic symphysis • United in back with sacrum at sacroiliac joint •All 3 bones together = pelvis -------------pubic symphysis Pelvis continued •Divided into upper and lower portions by pelvic brim •Upper = false pelvis •Part of abdomen •No pelvic organs except urinary bladder and uterus •Lower = true pelvis •Upper opening pelvic inlet •Lower opening pelvic outlet •Pelvic axis – imaginary curved line passing through the true pelvis •Course taken by babies head Pelvic axis Hip bones •Iliac crest: •Greater sciatic notch: •Deep fossa: •Acetabulum: •3 bones – ilium, pubis, ischium unite by age 23 •Obturator foramen: Femur •Longest, heaviest, strongest bone •Bends medially, causing the knee joint to be nearer the midline of the body more medial in women, since pelvis is broader •Greater trochanter: pt of attachment for some thigh and buttock muscles •Lateral and medial condyle: join with tibia •Between them is patellar surface Patella •In front of the joint between the femur and tibia •Developes in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle •Functions: 1. 2. 3. •During normal flexion and extension the patella glides up and down in the grooves between the 2 condyles Tibia and fibula •Tibia: larger medial wt bearing bone •Joins with below knee •Fibula: smaller and lateral than tibia •Pt of attachment for patellar ligament •Joins with talus of ankle Tarsals •Talus-only bone of foot to join with tibia and fibula •During walking it initially bears the entire body wt •½ wt is then transferred to the calcaneus •Remainder is transferred to other tarsal bones •Calcaneus-largest, strongest of the tarsals Metatarsals •Numbered I-V medial-lateral •Consist of base, body, head •1st metatarsal is connected to the big toe is thicker because it carries more wt Phalanges of foot •Hallux (big toe) has 2 lg heavy phalanges; proximal, distal •Other 4 have 3 phalanges, proximal, medial, distal Arches of the foot •Functions: 1 2 3. •Are not rigid •Yield as wt is applied, spring back when lifted Male vs female skeleton •Male skeleton: 1. 2. 3. •Female skeleton: 1. Skeletal system and aging • Birth – adolescense more bone produced than lost • Young adults bone production = loss • Middle age level of sex steroids < (more in women after menopause) = loss of bone mass – Bigger problem in women • Bones become more brittle – Due to < in rate of protein synthesis and HgH Continued • Females: loss of bone mass begins at 30 and accelerates at 45 as estrogen levels < – 8% bone mass lost every 10 years • Males: loss of bone mass begins around age 60 – 3% bone mass lost every 10 years