Transcript Male Pseudo Hermaphrodite

TUTORIAL
REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY
Dr.Mohammed Sharique Ahmed Quadri
Assistant Professor Physiology
Al Maarefa College
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Applied Aspects
• Discrepancies occur between genetic and
anatomic sexes
• Pseudo hermaphrodite:
– Gonad of one sex and genitalia of other
Male Pseudo Hermaphrodite:
• Genetic males whose target cells lack receptors for
testosterone are feminized ( testicular feminizing
syndrome)
• Defective testicular development
• 5α reductsae deficiency ( enzyme, coverts testosteron
to DHT)
– Female phenotype & XY male genotype
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Applied Aspects
• Female Pseudo Hermaphrodite:
– Congenital virilizing adrenal hyperplasia
– Administration of androgen to mother
• Male phenotype and XX female
genotype
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four possible defects produced by maternal nondisjunction
of the sex chromosomes at the time of meiosis
(Turner’s syndrome)
(Klinefelter’s syndrome)
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Abnormalities of testicular function
Cryptorchidism – descent of testes is incomplete one or less
commonly both side, testes remain in the abdomen
Male hypogonadism:
Clinical picture depends on whether testicular deficiency
develops before or after puberty.
causes:
– Testicular disease(Hypergonadotrophic Hypogonadism)
– Disorder of hypothalamus or pituitary
(Hypergonadotrophic Hypogonadism)
Androgen secreting tumors : Leydig cell tumors (a rare
condition) leads to precocious pseudopuberty in prepubertal
boys
A 15-year-old boy presents for his annual athletic
physical. A thorough examination reveals
unilateral cryptorchidism. The physician schedules
a follow-up visit with the boy and his parents to
discuss his recommendation for surgery to correct
the defect because of his concerns of possible
infertility in the future. Which of the following
statements about spermatogenesis is correct?
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A) Mature spermatozoa are present at birth, but
cannot be released until pubertyis reached.
B)Spermatogenesis requires a temperature
lower than internal body temperature.
C)Spermatogenesis requires continuous release
of gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GRH).
D)Leydig cell secretion of testosterone requires
folliclestimulating hormone(FSH).
E)Luteinizing hormone (LH) acts directly on
Sertoli cells to promote cell division.
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The normal pattern of progesterone secretion during the
menstrual cycle is exhibited by which of the following curves?
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• An 18-year-old emaciated female who has been on
a strict diet regimen and training for a marathon
presents with amenorrhea. Exogenous pulsatile
administration
of
gonadotropin-releasing
hormone (GnRH) restores ovulation and menses.
Ovulation is caused by a sudden increase in the
secretion of which of the following hormones?
a. LH
b. FSH
c. GnRH
d. Estrogen
e. Progesterone
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• In the following graph of changes in
endometrial thickness during a normal 28-day
menstrual cycle, the event designated A
corresponds most closely to which of the
following phases?
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a. The menstrual phase
b. The maturation of the corpus
luteum
c. The early proliferative phase
d. The secretory phase
e. Ovulation
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• A 26-year-old male with Klinefelter’s
syndrome has seminiferous tubule dysgenesis.
Which of the following is a function of Sertoli
cells in the seminiferous tubules?
a. Secretion of FSH into the tubular lumen
b. Secretion of testosterone into the
tubular lumen
c. Maintenance of the blood-testis barrier
d. Synthesis of estrogen after puberty
e. Expression of surface LH receptors
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Correlation
Between
Hormonal
Levels and
Cyclic Ovarian
and Uterine
Changes
Feedback control of FSH & LH during follicular phase
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Feedback control of FSH & LH during ovulation
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Feedback control of FSH & LH during luteal phase
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Precocious Puberty
• Early development of secondary sexual
characteristics.
– True precocious puberty
• Early otherwise normal pattern of GnRH secretion
• Disorders involving hypothalamus, infection or tumor
– Pseudo precocious puberty(no gametogenesis)
• Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
• Androgen secreting tumors(in males)
• Estrogen secreting tumors( in females)
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