Transcript 90%er presentation-female cycles File

That time of month
UTERINE CYCLE
Anne Fong
BIO 260
M/W
Tonini
Anatomy
Hormones
• GnRH: synthesized in the hypothalamus & stimulates anterior
pituitary to release FSH & RH
• FSH: stimulates immature follicles to grow & prepare for
ovulation
• LH: stimulates ovulation & corpus luteum development
• Estrogen: released by ovaries & corpus luteum; low
concentrations  negative feedback (decreasing FSH & LH); high
concentration  positive feedback (increasing FSH & LH)
• Progesterone: released by ovaries & corpus luteum and
dramatically increases after ovulation ;helps build & maintain
thickened endometrium
• Inhibin: released by corpus luteum; negative feedback on FSH
Phases
• Menses: first phase of uterine cycle involving
menstruation (shedding of endometrial lining); FSH
will begin increasing during the last few days of this
stage
• Proliferative: second phase involving the growth of
endometrial tissue; becomes more vascular; correlates
to increasing estrogen
• Secretory: third phase involving more growth and
maintenance of the endometrium in preparation for
implantation; influenced by progesterone
breakdown
Ovarian vs. Uterine
But…
If pregnancy occurs, the cycle takes a different route…
Embryo secretes hCGCorpus luteum is maintainedprogesterone &
estrogen is released until placenta forms
Issues with menses
• Amenorrhea: absence of menstruation (>1);
pregnancy, eating disorder, drug side effect, stress; can
be treated with oral contraceptive, delivery, or
hormone therapy
• Dysmenorrhea: pain during menses; PID,
endometriosis, other medical issues; treatment includes
oral contraceptive & pain relievers
• Menopause: absence of menstruation due to age (40s50s); hot flashes, osteoporosis, mood swings, weight
change due to lack of hormones; treated by hormone
therapy & drugs to lessen hot flashes
Questions?
References
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uA7Xny276sk
• http://www.healthywomen.org/condition/progesterone
• Marieb, E. (1995). Human anatomy and physiology (9th ed.).
Redwood City, Calif.: Benjamin/Cummings.
• http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseasesconditions/amenorrhea/basics/treatment/con-20031561
• http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menstrualcramps/basics/definition/con-20025447