Transcript The Reproductive System

What is the difference between sexual reproduction and
asexual reproduction?
Many organisms can carry out both at some point in their life.
Sexual Reproduction- Believe it or not- has nothing to do with
the act of “sex”.
When two gametes from different parents
fuse to produce offspring.
Sponge expelling sperm
into the water.
This bee will take pollen
(sperm cell) to flowers
where it will enter the
female part of the plant
(pistil).
Internal mammal
fertilization.
Asexual Reproduction- Reproduction that only involves one
parent.
Without the fusion of gametes
What was the name of bacteria
asexual reproduction?
Binary fission
Some plants
produce spores on
Starfish can asexually reproduce through
fragmentation.
their own and then these are
A fragment lost from one starfish can
develop
a mature
dispersed
to into
produce
new plants
fully grown individual.
The Reproductive System
You may feel the urge to giggle…..you may feel uncomfortable, or
embarrassed, but that is not the intent of this lesson. We are
learning about the anatomy and function of the human bodywhich includes the reproductive system.
TRY YOUR BEST to stay mature.
WARNING: If a vulgar or disrespectful comment
pops into your brain, keep it there.
Extension of Endocrine System
What are the hormones included in the reproductive system?
Testosterone
Estrogen / Progesterone
MALES
TESTOSTERONE:
Male sex hormone
Steroid
Essential for the production of sperm
Builds muscle, elevates mood, increases energy
In what gland is most of a male’s testosterone produced?
Testes: 2 glands located in the scrotum
Sperm is produced here
When puberty begins, millions
of sperm are produced a day
98.6 is too hot for sperm
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
MALE PUBERTY
• Puberty refers to the time when secondary sex characteristics
begin to develop so that sexual maturity—the potential for
sexual reproduction—is reached.
Secondary sex characteristics (traits that distinguish the two sexes but are
not directly part of the reproductive system)
Body Hair
Growth
Deeper Voice
Sweat and B.O.
Pimples
MALE PUBERTY
• The changes associated with puberty are controlled by
sex hormones secreted by the endocrine system.
The Hypothalamus and Pituitary
glands create activators that
trigger testosterone production
and sperm and semen
production.
FEMALES
ESTROGEN:
Female Sex Hormone, steroid
Released throughout a women’s reproductive years (Puberty –
Menopause)
Responsible for releasing eggs
PROGESTERONE:
Female Sex Hormone, steroid
Maintains the lining of the uterus in preparation for a fertilized egg
In what gland is most of a female’s sex hormones produced?
Ovaries: 2 glands on either side of the
uterus
Size and shape of an almond
Eggs are produced here
400,000 potential eggs are
formed before birth in each
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Fallopian Tubes
Uterus
Vagina
FEMALE PUBERTY
• Secondary sex characteristics (traits that distinguish the two sexes but are
not directly part of the reproductive system)
Body Hair
Breasts
Growth
Sweat and B.O.
FEMALE PUBERTY
• As in males, puberty in females begins when the hypothalamus
signals the pituitary to produce and release the activator
hormones FSH and LH.
• In females, FSH stimulates the cells around an
egg cell and begins the release of estrogen.
• LH triggers progesterone production and
ovulation.
• The process of the egg
rupturing through the
ovary wall is called
ovulation.
• A total of about 400 eggs are ovulated during the
reproductive life of a female.
As ovulation occurs the uterus prepares for
receiving it by thickening its walls.
• If the egg released at ovulation is not fertilized, the
lining of the uterus is shed, causing some bleeding for
a few days- this is all known as the menstrual cycle.
• The menstrual cycle begins during puberty and
continues for 30 to 40 years, until menopause.
• At menopause, the female stops
releasing eggs and the secretion
of female hormones decreases.
• If the egg released at
ovulation is fertilized, the
zygote travels through the
Fallopian tube while
dividing, and attaches
itself to the uterine wall.
Click image to view movie.
Cell Differentiation in
Animal Development
Sperm cells
Fertilization
Egg cell
Formation of
mesoderm
Endoderm
First cell division
Mesoderm
Ectoderm
Gastrulation
Formation of a blastula
Additional cell
divisions
Embryo Development
Click image to view movie.
Question 1
Hypothesize why there are a number of
mitochondria in the mid-piece of a sperm.
Answer
A sperm must travel quite a distance to reach
the egg. Mitochondria provide the energy
needed for locomotion.
Question 2
What is the effect of FSH on males during puberty?
A. It initiates sperm production
B. It causes the various glands to secrete fluids into
the semen
C. It stimulates the production of testosterone
D. It causes sperm to mature
Answer: A
Question 3
The release of an egg from the ovary would not
occur if which of the following hormones were
missing?
A. Estrogen
B. Progesterone
C. FSH
D. LH
Answer: D
Question 4
Ovaries are to eggs as testes are to __________.
A. epididymis
B. zygotes
C. embryos
D. sperm
Answer: D
Question 5
Explain what happens if the egg is not fertilized in
the Fallopian Tube.
Answer:
The unfertilized egg would continue into the uterus,
where the lining has thickened. Then the egg and
extra lining will be shed and the female will
experience menstruation.