Transcript Document

Provided Courtesy of Nutrition411.com
Men’s Health
Contributed by Shawna Gornick-Ilagan, MS, RD, CWPC
Updated by Nutrition411.com staff
Review Date 4/14
G-1120
Objectives
• Determine the leading cause of death in men
• Learn ways to reduce or prevent causes of
death
• Understand about the important of preventive
screenings
Average Life Span
• Men: ?
• Women: ?
• Includes all races
Average Life Span
(cont’d)
• Men: 76.2
• Women: 81.1
• Includes all races in America
Why the Difference?
• Men are more reluctant to seek preventive
exams compared to women
• Men do not feel comfortable talking about their
health with their doctor
• Excluding pregnancy, women make twice as
many preventive care visits as men
• Men engage in riskier behavior than women
Sources: http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-human-beast/201008/why-women-livelonger-men, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=why-women-live-longer
Leading Causes of Death
in Men (2009)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Heart disease: 24.9%
Cancer: 24.2%
Unintentional injuries: 6.2%
Chronic lower respiratory disease: 5.3%
Stroke: 4.2%
Diabetes: 2.9%
Suicide: 2.5%
Alzheimer’s disease: 2.1%
Kidney disease: 2.0%
Influenza and pneumonia: 1.9%
Source: http://www.cdc.gov/men/lcod/index.htm
Prevent Heart Disease
and Stroke
Seven Steps to a Healthier You!
1. Know your numbers:
–
–
–
–
Cholesterol LDL=lousy, HDL=healthy
Triglycerides
Blood pressure
Glucose
2. Maintain a healthy weight
3. Stay physically active
HDL=high-density lipoprotein, LDL=low-density lipoprotein
Prevent Heart Disease
and Stroke (cont’d)
Seven Steps to a Healthier You!
4.
5.
6.
7.
Do not smoke
Manage stress
Limit Alcohol
Eat a heart-healthy diet
Major Risk Factors That
You Cannot Change
• Increasing age
• Gender (male)
• Heredity (including race)
How Men Can Manage
Stress
• Avoid stressful situations, whenever
possible
• Practice deep breathing
• Exercise
• Change your thinking:
– Do not fret about things you can do
nothing about
Imagery
Preventing Lung Cancer
and Emphysema
• Quit smoking NOW
• Listen to Mom—eat those fruits and vegetables
• Have your home tested for radon
Preventing Lung Cancer
and Emphysema (cont’d)
• Know what you are exposed to on the job:
– It is your right to know about what you are exposed to
(fumes, dust, chemicals, etc)
– Gasoline, diesel exhaust, arsenic, beryllium, vinyl
chloride, nickel chromates, coal products, mustard
gas, and chloromethyl ethers are carcinogens found in
some work environments
– Talk to your employer about limiting your exposure
Preventing Lung Cancer
and Emphysema (cont’d)
• Avoid second-hand smoke:
– This smoke contains more than 60 known carcinogens
– Carcinogens interrupt normal cell development
– The interference of cell development is what causes
the cancer process
Source: http://www.cancer.org/healthy/stayawayfromtobacco/index
Health Benefits of
Quitting
• Within 2 days of quitting: Improved sense
of smell and taste
• 1 to 3 months: Reduced coughing and relief
of sore throat
• 1 year: Risk of heart attack or sudden death
cut in half
• 2 to 3 years: Risk of heart attack (in people
without CVD) is as low as lifelong nonsmokers
• 5 to 10 years: Risk of stroke is that of a
lifelong nonsmoker
CVD=cardiovascular disease
Source: http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancercauses/tobaccocancer/index
The 5 Ds to Help Quit
Smoking
1. Drink water:
– Slowly sip clear water
– Drink up to eight glasses/day
– Water helps flush nicotine out of your body
2. Breathe deeply:
– Take 10 slow, deep breaths—in through your nose
and out through your mouth, ever so slowly
– This will help you stop thinking about cigarettes
The 5 Ds to Help Quit
Smoking (cont’d)
3. Do something else:
– Focus on doing something you like to do, rather than
smoking
– This will help you stop thinking about cigarettes
4. Discuss:
– Talk with a friend or family member about what is
happening to you
– Tell them how you are feeling
– Share your thoughts—it helps
The 5 Ds to Help Quit
Smoking (cont’d)
5. Delay:
–
–
–
–
Allow some time
Do not reach for that cigarette right away
Count to 200 and then to 250
Urges to smoke pass in 3 to 5 minutes
How to Prevent Diabetes
• Maintain a healthy weight:
– Increase fruit and vegetable consumption
– Increase fiber intake
– Decrease fat intake
• Exercise regularly
• Know your body mass index (BMI)
BMI
BMI
(kg/m2)
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Normal Weight
Height
26
27
28
29
Increased Risk
30
35
40
High Risk
58
91
96
100
105
110
115
119
124
129
134
138
143
167
191
59
94
99
104
109
114
119
124
128
133
138
143
148
173
198
60
97
102
107
112
118
123
128
133
138
143
148
153
179
204
61
100
106
111
116
122
127
132
137
143
148
153
158
185
211
62
104
109
115
120
126
131
136
142
147
153
158
164
191
218
63
107
113
118
124
130
135
141
146
152
158
163
169
197
225
64
110
116
122
128
134
140
145
151
157
163
169
174
204
232
65
114
120
126
132
138
144
150
156
162
168
174
180
210
240
66
118
124
130
136
142
148
155
161
167
173
179
186
216
247
67
121
127
134
140
146
153
159
166
172
178
185
191
223
255
68
125
131
138
144
151
158
164
171
177
184
190
197
230
262
69
128
135
142
149
155
162
169
176
182
189
196
203
236
270
70
132
139
146
153
160
167
174
181
188
195
202
207
243
278
71
136
143
150
157
165
172
179
186
193
200
208
215
250
286
72
140
147
154
162
169
177
184
191
199
206
213
221
258
294
73
144
151
159
166
174
182
189
197
204
212
219
227
265
302
74
148
155
163
171
179
186
194
202
210
218
225
233
272
311
75
152
160
168
176
184
192
200
208
216
224
232
240
279
319
76
156
164
172
180
189
197
205
213
221
230
238
246
287
328
Preventing Injuries
• Wear a seat belt, even on short trips
• Follow the speed limit
• Do not drink and drive (also applies to those you
are with)
• Wear a helmet (no exceptions) when riding a
bicycle, motorcycle, or other vehicle that
requires one
• Manage stress
Preventing Injuries
(cont’d)
• Stay active to prevent falls
• Use appropriate lifting techniques
• Practice gun safety
• Take safety precautions
• Ask for help when you need it
• Practice safe sex
• Protect yourself from the sun
Preventing Colorectal
Cancer
• Highly curable if you catch it early
• After the first abnormal cell starts to grow into a
polyp, it usually takes 10 to 15 years to develop
into colorectal cancer
• Screening or testing is one of the most powerful
weapons in preventing colorectal cancer
• People with no identified risk factors (other than
age) should begin regular screening at 50 years
of age
Source: http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_6X_Colorectal_Cancer_Early_Detection_10.asp
Preventing Colorectal
Cancer (cont’d)
• Individuals who have a family history or other
risk factors for colorectal polyps or cancer, such
as inflammatory bowel disease, should talk with
their doctor about starting screening at a
younger age and/or getting screened at more
frequent intervals
Why Is a Colonoscopy
Important?
• Colorectal cancer is the third most diagnosed
cancer in the United States
• It is the second leading cause of death (after
lung cancer)
• In 1 year, more than 140,000 people are
diagnosed with colorectal cancer and more than
one-third of them die from it
Why Is a Colonoscopy
Important? (cont’d)
• Most colorectal cancer develops from polyps that
grow in the colon
• Not all polyps become cancerous, but enough do
become cancerous or precancerous that
detecting and removing them are important for
preventing cancer and measuring your risk for it
Why Is a Colonoscopy
Important? (cont’d)
• Colonoscopy also is used to obtain information
related to other conditions, such as:
− Gastroenteritis
− Colitis
Preventing Colorectal
Cancer
• You can lower the risk of developing colorectal
cancer by managing the risk factors you can
control, such as:
− Eating a healthy diet
− Staying physically active
− Maintaining a healthy weight
Recommendations
The American Cancer Society® recommends:
• Eating a healthy diet, with emphasis on plant
sources
• Choosing foods and beverages in amounts that
help achieve and maintain a healthy weight
• Eating five or more servings of a variety of fruits
and vegetables each day
• Choosing whole grains, rather than processed
refined grains
• Limiting eating of processed and red meats
What Is Prostate
Cancer?
• Prostate cancer is made up of cells that do not
grow normally
What Is Prostate
Cancer? (cont’d)
• The cells divide and create new cells that the
body does not need, forming a mass of tissue
called a tumor
What Causes Prostate
Cancer?
• As with many types of cancer, medical experts
do not know what causes prostate cancer
• Researchers are studying several possible causes
Can You Prevent
Prostate Cancer?
• We do know that the following contribute to
overall good health:
− Eating a healthy diet
− Staying physically active
− Seeing your doctor
Symptoms of Prostate
Cancer
• Many men with prostate cancer often have no
symptoms
• If symptoms appear, they can include:
− Blood in the urine
− Need to urinate frequently, especially at night
− Weak or interrupted urine flow
− Pain or burning feeling when urinating
− Constant pain in the lower back, pelvis, or upper thighs
Symptoms of Prostate
Cancer (cont’d)
• If you have any of the symptoms listed on the
previous slide, see you doctor as soon as
possible
• Sometimes symptoms are caused by other
prostate problems that are not cancer, such as
an infection or enlarged prostate
What Does “Screening”
Mean?
• Screening means looking for signs of disease in
people who have no symptoms
• Screening for prostate cancer is looking for
early-stage disease, when treatment is possibly
more effective
Main Screening Tools for
Prostate Cancer
• Digital rectal examination (DRE)
• Prostate specific antigen (PSA) test
• The DRE and PSA cannot tell if you have
cancer—they suggest the need for further tests
Skin Cancer
• Skin cancer is the most common cancer for all
men and women
• You are at greater risk if you have:
− Family history of skin cancer
− Many moles (more than 50 on your entire body) or
large moles
− Skin that burns easily
• Despite these risks, sun exposure is the single
most preventable risk factor for all skin cancers
Best Defense Against
Skin Cancer
• Limit time spent outdoors when the sun’s
ultraviolet (UV) rays are the highest—10 AM
to 4 PM
• Do not use tanning beds or sunlamps, which
also give off harmful UV rays
• Apply water-resistant sunscreen with a sun
protection factor, also referred to as SPF, of at
least 30 that protects against UVA and
UVB rays
Source: http://www.cancer.org/cancer/skincancer-melanoma/moreinformation/skincancerpreventionandearlydetection/skin-cancerprevention-and-early-detection-u-v-protection
Best Defense Against
Skin Cancer (cont’d)
• Reapply sunscreen every 2 hours or after
swimming or sweating
• Use sunscreen even on cloudy days
• Wear protective clothing, such as widebrimmed hats, long sleeves, and sunglasses
• Check for changes in the way your skin
normally looks or for sores that will not heal
• Remember, skin cancer is very treatable when
found early
Source: http://www.cancer.org/cancer/skincancer-melanoma/moreinformation/skincancerpreventionandearlydetection/skin-cancerprevention-and-early-detection-u-v-protection
Daily to Steps to Health
• Manage stress
• Get enough sleep
• Do not smoke:
− 1-800-QUIT-NOW, a free national program
(http://www.smokefree.gov)
• Stay physically active:
− 30 minutes or more of moderate physical activity most
days of the week
Daily to Steps to Health
(cont’d)
• Eat a healthy diet:
− Emphasize fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fatfree or low-fat milk and milk products
− Include lean meats, poultry, fish, beans, eggs, and
nuts in your diet
− Eat foods that are low in saturated fats, trans fats,
cholesterol, salt (sodium), and added sugars
Daily to Steps to Health
(cont’d)
• Stay at a healthy weight:
− Balance calories from foods and beverages with
calories you burn off by your activities
− To prevent gradual weight gain over time, make small
decreases in food and beverage calories and increase
your physical activity
Daily to Steps to Health
(cont’d)
• Drink alcohol only in moderation:
− If you drink alcohol, have no more than two drinks/day
• A standard drink is:
− 12 fluid ounces (fl oz) of beer or wine cooler
− 5 fl oz of wine
− 1.5 fl oz of 80-proof distilled spirits
You and Your Doctor
• If you cannot remember the last time you had a
complete physical, pick up the telephone and
make an appointment
• The time to see your doctor is not when you are
hooked up to life support—it is now, when you
are feeling healthy
Would you let your car go
10 years without an oil
change?
Health Screenings and
You
• Talk to your doctor about screenings
• Realize that screenings are your role in
prevention
• Get regular checkups, preventive screening
tests, and immunizations—these are important
things you can do for yourself
• Share your family history with your doctor
• Speak up and voice your concerns about your
health
• Always ask questions
Medicines to Prevent
Disease
• Aspirin—ask your doctor about taking aspirin to
prevent heart disease if you are:
− Older than 45 years of age
− Younger than 45 and:
•
•
•
•
Have high blood pressure
Have high cholesterol
Have diabetes
Smoke
Medicines to Prevent
Disease (cont’d)
• Immunizations—stay up to date with your
immunizations:
− Get a flu shot every years, starting at 50 years of age
− Ask your doctor if you should get a flu shot if you are
younger than 50 years of age
− Get a pneumonia shot once you turn 65 years of age
− Ask your doctor if you need a pneumonia shot if you
are younger than 65 years of age
References
• American Cancer Society®:
http://www.cancer.org
• American Diabetes Association®:
http://www.diabetes.org
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention:
www.cdc.gov