Transcript Prostate Cancer Institute

The Prostate Cancer Institute:
National University of Galway Ireland
Sharon Glynn, PhD, MPH
Prostate Cancer Institute
Director of Laboratory Research
National University of Ireland, Galway
Republic of Ireland
[email protected]
Background to PCI in NUI Galway
•
Established in September 2010 with funding from the NUI
Galway Foundation.
• Goals:
1. Developmental therapeutics programme for prostate
cancer.
2. Prostate cancer cohort study in the west of Ireland to
examine the key factors that effect prostate cancer
patient outcomes
Modern Methods of Drug Discovery
Begin with prostate
tumours
Manipulate it to get the
best version
Identify key proteins
and genes that drive
the tumour
Choose “best lead
molecule”
Design a drug to target
the lead molecule
Test in the Lab
Clinical Trials
Modern Methods of Drug Discovery
Effect of EL102 (nM) on PC3 Cell Motility
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Cell Index
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Time (Hours)
Just to show you the difference in motility
between the 2 cell lines (DU145 or on top, PC3
are on bottom).
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Molecular Epidemiology Case Control Study Design
Case Control Study
Cases n=500*
Controls n=500
• Population-based controls are matched to cases by
• Age (frequency)
• Residency
• Blood, urine, & normal, BPH, fresh-frozen tumor specimens
• Q&A – Family history, smoking status alcohol, occupation, exercise etc
* by 2014
Molecular Epidemiology Case Control Study Design
Blood &
Tissue
Case Control study
Survey data
Infections
SNPs
Gene signatures
Environmental, Lifestyle and Inherited Risk Factors
Initiation
Progression
Survival
Areas of Interest: Prostate cancer progression:
Development of Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer
A. Mechanisms for the development of hormone refractory prostate
cancer (HRPC). Look at it at the population level.
B.
Predictors/Biomarkers of
HRPC. Are tumors that
subsequently develop into
HRPC biologically different
at diagnosis?
C.
Do certain treatments
increase the risk?
D.
Do lifestyle factors
influence the risk ? e.g.
smoking status (Ambs et
al, in preparation)
Tumor Subtypes Have Different Outcomes
ER-negative
Poor
Outcome
Nature Cancer Reviews
2007, 7, 659-672
NOS2 EXPRESSION PREDICTS POOR SURVIVAL
IN ERα-NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
% Survival – ER negative
100
100
% Survival – ER positive
Low NOS2
75
75
Low NOS2
P=0.95
p=0.001
High NOS2
0
0
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25
High NOS2
50
50
p=0.001
0
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Analysis Time (Years)
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Analysis Time (Years)
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Cancer Research and
Cancer Prevention
Sharon Glynn, PhD MPH
[email protected]
General Tips for Cancer Prevention
• Don’t use tobacco
• Eat a health diet
• Maintain healthy weight
• Get some exercise
• Protect yourself from the sun
• Get immunized (Hep B & HPV vaccines)
• Make use of early detection/screening programmes
Prostate Cancer –
Know the Risk Factors
• Increasing Age
• Family history of Prostate Cancer
• Obesity
• Race
• Where you live
Prostate Cancer –
Howdiet
to full
Lower
Risk
• Choose a healthy
of fruitsYour
and vegetables
• Limit saturated fat, increase fish intake
• Choose healthy foods over supplements.
• Exercise most days of the week
• Maintain a healthy weight
• Talk to your doctor if you think you have an increased risk of
prostate cancer
Prostate Cancer –
Reliable
information
sources
Prostate Cancer Foundation
www.pcf.org
Mayo Clinic
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/prostatecancer/DS00043
National Cancer Institute
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/prostate
Breast Cancer –
• Being Female Know the Risk Factors
• Increasing Age
• Personal and family history of Breast Cancer
• Inherited genes (BRCA1)
• Obesity
• Beginning your period before 12 & beginning menopause after 55
• First child at an older age
• HRT
• Excess alcohol
Breast Cancer –
Methods
• Drink Alcohol inPrevention
moderation
• Exercise most days of the week
• Limit postmenopausal hormone therapy
• Maintain a healthy weight
• Breast check – get your mammogram
Breast Cancer –
Reliable
information
sources
Susan G Komen for the Cure
www.komen.org
Mayo Clinic
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/breastcancer/DS00328
National Cancer Institute
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/breast
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
•
NUI Galway Foundation
•
Prostate Cancer Institute
• Frank Sullivan, Frank Giles, Eamonn Rogers, Richard Flavin, Jim Sweeney
•
NUI Galway
• Cathal Seoighe, Ruth Curtis, Enda McConnell
•
Radiation Biology Branch, NCI
• David Wink, Chris Switzer
•
Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, NCI
• Stefan Ambs, Tiffany Dorsey, Tiffany Wallace, Scott Hudson
•
Queens University Belfast
• Liam Murray, Lesley Anderson
•
Dublin City University
• Robert O’Connor, Martin Clynes
•
Aarhus University Hospital
• Deirdre Cronin-Fenton
•
University College Cork
• Gerald O’Sullivan, Florence McCarthy