Transcript G-1120 Men`s Health

Provided Courtesy of RD411.com
Where health care professionals go
for information
Men’s Health
Contributed by Shawna Gornick-Ilagan, MS, RD, CWPC
Review Date 10/09 G-1120
Objectives
• Determine the leading cause of death in
men
• Learn ways to reduce or prevent causes of
death
• Understand about the important of
preventive screenings
Average Life Span
• Men: ?
• Women: ?
• Including all races in America
Average Life Span
• Men: 74.8
• Women: 80.1
• Including all races in America
• Among people over 100 years old, 85%
are women
Why the Difference?
• Men eat more foods that raise cholesterol
(red meat)
• Men are more reluctant to seek
preventative exams compared to women
• More than 7 million American men have
not seen a doctor in more than 10 years
• Men do not feel comfortable talking about
their health with their doctor
• Excluding pregnancy, women make twice
as many preventive care visits as men
Why Not Take
Care of Yourself?
• Taught from a young age: “Boys don’t
cry!”
• Taught to show toughness, not weakness
– Study found two thirds of men would not even
go to the doctor if they were experiencing
chest pain or shortness of breath—early signs
of a heart attack
Why Not Take Care of
Yourself? (cont’d)
• Men do not deal with stress as well as
women
– Internalize instead of letting it out
– Stress contributes to cardiovascular disease
(CVD)
• “Testosterone storm”
– Risky behavior
• Suicide
– More likely to succeed
Leading Causes of Death
in Men (2004)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Heart disease: 27.2%
Cancer: 24.3%
Unintentional injuries: 6.1%
Stroke: 5%
Chronic lower respiratory disease: 5%
Diabetes: 3%
Influenza and pneumonia: 2.3%
Suicide: 2.2%
Kidney disease: 1.7%
Alzheimer’s disease: 1.6%
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available
at: http://www.cdc.gov/men/lcod/index.htm
Preventing Heart
Disease and Stroke
7 Steps to a Healthier You!
1. Know your numbers
2. Maintain a healthy weight
–
–
–
–
Cholesterol (LDL=lousy, HDL=healthy)
Triglyceride
Blood pressure
Glucose
3. Stay physically active
HDL=high-density lipoprotein, LDL=low-density lipoprotein
Preventing Heart
Disease and Stroke
7 Steps to a Healthier You! (cont’d)
4. Do not smoke (two to three times greater
risk of death)
5. Manage stress
6. Limit alcohol
7. Eat heart healthy
Major Risk Factors That
You Can Not Change
• Increasing age
• Gender (male)
• Heredity (including race)
How Men Can Manage
Stress
• Avoid stressful situations,
whenever possible
• Practice deep breathing
• Exercise
• Change your thinking
– Do not fret about things
you can do nothing about
Imagery
Preventing Lung Cancer
and Emphysema
• Quit smoking NOW
• Listen to Mom—eat those fruits and
vegetables
• Have your home tested for radon
Preventing Lung Cancer
and Emphysema (cont’d)
• Know what you are exposed to on the job
– It’s your right to know about what you are
exposed to (fumes, dust, chemicals, etc)
– Gasoline, diesel exhaust, arsenic, beryllium,
vinyl chloride, nickel chromates, coal
products, mustard gas, and chloromethyl
ethers are carcinogens found in some work
environments
– Talk to your employer about limiting your
exposure
Preventing Lung Cancer
and Emphysema (cont’d)
• Keep away from second-hand smoke
– This smoke contains more than 60 known
carcinogens
– Carcinogens interrupt normal cell
development
– This interference of cell development is what
causes the cancer process
Health Benefits
of Quitting
• Within 2 days of quitting: Improved sense
of smell and taste
• 1-3 months: Reduced coughing and relief of
sore throat
• 1 year: Risk of heart attack or sudden death
cut in half
• 2-3 years: Risk of heart attack (in people
without CVD) is as low as lifelong nonsmokers
• 5-10 years: Risk of stroke is that of a lifelong
nonsmoker
The 5 Ds to Help Quit
Smoking
1. Drink water
– Slowly sip clear water
– Drink up to eight glasses/day
– Water helps flush nicotine out of your body
2. Breathe deeply
– Take 10 slow, deep breaths—in through your
nose and out through your mouth, ever so
slowly
– This will help you stop thinking
about cigarettes
The 5 Ds to Help Quit
Smoking (cont’d)
3. Do something else
– Focus on doing something you like to do,
rather than smoking
– This will help you stop thinking about
cigarettes
4. Discuss
– Talk with a friend or family member about
what is happening to you
– Tell them how you are feeling
– Share your thoughts—it helps
The 5 Ds to Help Quit
Smoking (cont’d)
5. Delay
–
–
–
–
Allow some time
Do not reach for that cigarette right away
Count to 200 and then to 250
Urges to smoke pass in 3-5 minutes
How to Prevent
Diabetes
• Increased fruit and vegetable
consumption
• Increase fiber intake
• Decreased fat intake
• Regular exercise
• Most important:
– Maintain a healthy weight
– Know your body mass index (BMI)
Normal Process
Insulin
Diabetes: Type 2
= Fat
Insulin
BMI
(kg/m2)
19
20
21
22
23
24
Normal Weight
Height
25
26
27
28
29
Increased Risk
30
35
40
High Risk
58
91
96
100
105
110
115
119
124
129
134
138
143
167
191
59
94
99
104
109
114
119
124
128
133
138
143
148
173
198
60
97
102
107
112
118
123
128
133
138
143
148
153
179
204
61
100
106
111
116
122
127
132
137
143
148
153
158
185
211
62
104
109
115
120
126
131
136
142
147
153
158
164
191
218
63
107
113
118
124
130
135
141
146
152
158
163
169
197
225
64
110
116
122
128
134
140
145
151
157
163
169
174
204
232
65
114
120
126
132
138
144
150
156
162
168
174
180
210
240
66
118
124
130
136
142
148
155
161
167
173
179
186
216
247
67
121
127
134
140
146
153
159
166
172
178
185
191
223
255
68
125
131
138
144
151
158
164
171
177
184
190
197
230
262
69
128
135
142
149
155
162
169
176
182
189
196
203
236
270
70
132
139
146
153
160
167
174
181
188
195
202
207
243
278
71
136
143
150
157
165
172
179
186
193
200
208
215
250
286
72
140
147
154
162
169
177
184
191
199
206
213
221
258
294
73
144
151
159
166
174
182
189
197
204
212
219
227
265
302
74
148
155
163
171
179
186
194
202
210
218
225
233
272
311
75
152
160
168
176
184
192
200
208
216
224
232
240
279
319
76
156
164
172
180
189
197
205
213
221
230
238
246
287
328
Preventing Injuries
• Wear a seat belt, even on short trips
• Follow the speed limit
• Do not drink and drive (also applies to
those you are with)
• Wear a helmet (no exceptions), when
riding a bicycle, motorcycle, or other
vehicle that requires one
• Manage stress
Preventing Injuries
(cont’d)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Stay active to prevent falls
Use appropriate lifting techniques
Practice gun safety
Take safety precautions
Ask for help when you need it
Practice safe sex
Protect yourself from the sun
2009 Estimated
Cancer Deaths
in the United
States
Preventing Colorectal
Cancer
• Highly curable if you catch it early
• After the first abnormal cell starts to
grow into a polyp, it usually takes 10-15
years to develop into colorectal cancer
• Screening or testing is one of the most
powerful weapons in preventing
colorectal cancer
• People with no identified risk factors
(other than age) should begin regular
screening at age 50
Source:
http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_6X_
Colorectal_Cancer_Early_Detection_10.asp
Preventing Colorectal
Cancer (cont’d)
• Those who have a family history or
other risk factors for colorectal polyps
or cancer, such as inflammatory bowel
disease, should talk with their doctor
about starting screening at a younger
age and/or getting screened at more
frequent intervals
Why Is a Colonoscopy
Important?
• 1 in 16 men will develop colorectal
cancer in their lifetime
• Colorectal cancer is the third most
diagnosed cancer in the US and is the
third leading cause (after lung cancer)
of cancer-related deaths
• In 1 year, more than 150,000 people
are diagnosed with colorectal cancer
and more than one third of them die
of it
Why Is a Colonoscopy
Important? (cont’d)
• Most colorectal cancer develops from
polyps that grow in the colon
• While not all polyps become cancerous,
enough do become cancerous or
precancerous that detecting and
removing them is important for
preventing cancer and measuring your
risk of it
Why Is a Colonoscopy
Important? (cont’d)
• Colonoscopy also is used to obtain
information related to other conditions,
such as:
– Gastroenteritis
– Colitis
Preventing Colorectal
Cancer
• You can lower the risk of developing
colorectal cancer by managing the risk
factors you can control, such as:
– Diet
– Physical activity
– Maintaining a healthy weight
American Cancer Society
Recommendations
• Eat a healthy diet, with emphasis on plant
sources
• Choose foods and beverages in amounts
that help achieve and maintain a healthy
weight
• Eat five or more servings of a variety of
fruits and vegetables each day
• Choose whole grains, rather than
processed (refined) grains
• Limit eating of processed and red meats
What Is Prostate
Cancer?
• Prostate cancer is made up of cells that
do not grow normally
What Is Prostate
Cancer? (cont’d)
• The cells divide and create new cells that
the body does not need, forming a mass
of tissue called a tumor
What Cause Prostate
Cancer?
• As with many types of cancer, medical
experts do not know what causes
prostate cancer
• Researchers are studying several
possible causes
Can You Prevent
Prostate Cancer?
• We do know that the following
contribute to overall good health:
– Eating a healthy diet
– Staying physically active
– Seeing your doctor
How Common Is
Prostate Cancer?
Is Prostate Cancer
Serious?
• Among the leading causes of deaths
in men, prostate cancer is second,
behind lung disease
• When compared with all causes of
death in men older than age 45,
prostate cancer ranks fifth
Symptoms of Prostate
Cancer
• Many men with prostate cancer often
have no symptoms
• If symptoms appear, they can
include:
– Blood in the urine
– Need to urinate frequently, especially at
night
– Weak or interrupted urine flow
– Pain or burning feeling while urinating
– Constant pain in the lower back, pelvis,
or upper thighs
Symptoms of Prostate
Cancer (cont’d)
• If you have any of the symptoms
listed on the previous slide, see your
doctor as soon as possible
• Symptoms sometimes are caused by
other prostate problems that are not
cancer, such as an infection or
enlarged prostate
What Does “Screening”
Mean?
• Screening means looking for signs of
disease in people who have no
symptoms
• Screening for prostate cancer is
looking for early-stage disease, when
treatment is possibly more effective
Main Screening Tools
for Prostate Cancer
• Digital rectal examination (DRE)
• Prostate specific antigen (PSA) test
• The DRE and PSA test can not tell if
you have cancer—they suggest the
need for further tests
How Accurate Are the
Screening Tests?
• No test is right all of the time; the
same is true of the PSA test and DRE
• If 100 men over age 50 take the test:
– 85 will have a normal PSA (though a small
number of these men will have a cancer that
was missed by the PSA test)
– 15 will have a higher than normal PSA
and require further tests; after further testing,
results show:
 12 do not have prostate cancer
 3 have prostate cancer
Skin Cancer
• Skin cancer is the most common
cancer for all men and women
• You are at greater risk if you have:
– Family history of skin cancer
– Many moles (more than 50 on your
entire body) or large moles
– Skin that burns easily
• Despite these risks, sun exposure is
the single most preventable risk
factor for all skin cancers
Best Defense Against
Skin Cancer
• Limit time spent outdoors when the
sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays are the
highest (10 AM-4 PM)
• Do not use tanning beds or sunlamps,
which also give off harmful UV rays
• Apply water-resistant sunscreen with
a sun protection factor (SPF) of at
least 15 that protects against UVA
and UVB rays
Best Defense Against
Skin Cancer (cont’d)
• Reapply sunscreen every 1½ hours or
after swimming or sweating
• Use sunscreen even on cloudy days
• Wear protective clothing, such as
wide-brimmed hats, long sleeves, and
sunglasses
• Check for changes in the way your
skin normally looks or for sores that
will not heal
Best Defense Against
Skin Cancer (cont’d)
• Remember, skin cancer is very
treatable when found early
Daily Steps to Health
• Manage stress
• Get enough sleep
• Do not smoke
– Telephonic Smokeless 1-800-345-2476
– 1-800-QUIT NOW, a free national
program (http://www.smokefree.gov)
• Stay physically active
– 30 minutes or more of moderate physical
activity most days of the week
Daily Steps to Health
(cont’d)
• Eat a healthy diet
– Emphasize fruits, vegetables, whole
grains, and fat-free or low-fat milk and
milk products
– Include lean meats, poultry, fish, beans,
eggs, and nuts in your diet
– Eat foods that are low in saturated fats,
trans fats, cholesterol, salt (sodium),
and added sugars
Daily Steps to Health
(cont’d)
• Stay at a healthy weight
– Balance calories from foods and
beverages with calories you burn off by
your activities
– To prevent gradual weight gain over
time, make small decreases in food and
beverage calories and increase your
physical activity
Daily Steps to Health
(cont’d)
• Drink alcohol only in moderation
– If you drink alcohol, have no more than
two drinks/day
– A standard drink is:
 12 fluid ounces (fl oz) of beer or wine
cooler
 5 fl oz of wine
 1.5 fl oz of 80-proof distilled spirits
You and Your Doctor
• If you can not remember the last time
you had a complete physical, pick up
the phone and make an appointment
• The time to see your doctor is not
when you are hooked up to life
support—it is now when you are
feeling healthy
Would you let your car go
10 years without an oil change?
Health Screenings and
You
• Visit:
http://www.womenshealth.gov/scre
eningcharts/men
• Talk to your doctor about screenings
• Screenings are your role in
prevention
• Getting regular checkups, preventive
screening tests, and immunizations
are important things you can do for
yourself
Health Screenings and
You (cont’d)
• Share your family history with your
doctor
• Speak up and voice your concerns
about your health
• Always ask questions
Medicines to Prevent
Disease
• Aspirin: Ask your doctor about taking
aspirin to prevent heart disease if you are:
– Older than age 45
– Younger than age 45 and:
 Have high blood pressure
 Have high cholesterol
 Have diabetes
 Smoke
Medicines to Prevent
Disease (cont’d)
• Immunizations: Stay up to date with
your immunizations:
– Get a flu shot every year, starting at age 50
– If you are younger than age 50, ask your
doctor if you should get a flu shot
– Get a pneumonia shot once you turn age 65
– If you are younger than age 65, ask your
doctor whether you need a pneumonia shot