Transcript 17 Clicker Questions - jj-sct

CAMPBELL
BIOLOGY
TENTH
EDITION
Reece • Urry • Cain • Wasserman • Minorsky • Jackson
17
Gene Expression:
From Gene to Protein
Clicker Questions by
Roberta Batorsky
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following can be the final product of an
expressed gene?
a) mRNA
b) tRNA
c) rRNA
d) polypeptide
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following can be the final product of an
expressed gene?
a) mRNA
b) tRNA
c) rRNA
d) polypeptide
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following terms does not pertain to
translation?
a) anticodon
b) tRNA
c) aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
d) polypeptide
e) rRNA
f) DNA
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following terms does not pertain to
translation?
a) anticodon
b) tRNA
c) aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
d) polypeptide
e) rRNA
f) DNA
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The template strand of a given gene includes the
sequence 3-G C C A C G T A T C A G-5 What is the
sequence of the nontemplate strand?
a) 3-C G G T G C A T A G T-5
b) 5-C G G T G C A T A G T-3
c) 5-C G G U G C A U G U-3
d) 3-C G G U G C A U G U-5
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The template strand of a given gene includes the
sequence 3-G C C A C G T A T C A G-5 What is the
sequence of the nontemplate strand?
a) 3-C G G T G C A T A G T-5
b) 5-C G G T G C A T A G T-3
c) 5-C G G U G C A U G U-3
d) 3-C G G U G C A U G U-5
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is the best example of gene
expression?
a) A frog adapts to variation in its environmental
temperature.
b) Mouse fur color results from pigment formed by
gene-encoded enzymes.
c) DNA is replicated during the S phase of the cell
cycle.
d) The percent of A versus a alleles in a population is
altered by natural selection.
e) Mutation alters the sequence of a region of DNA.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is the best example of gene
expression?
a) A frog adapts to variation in its environmental
temperature.
b) Mouse fur color results from pigment formed by
gene-encoded enzymes.
c) DNA is replicated during the S phase of the cell
cycle.
d) The percent of A versus a alleles in a population is
altered by natural selection.
e) Mutation alters the sequence of a region of DNA.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The ability of genes from one species to be expressed
in a different species is possible because of which
property of the genetic code?
a) the near universality of the genetic code
b) All species in Eukarya use the same genetic code.
c) Gene expression doesn’t utilize the genetic code.
d) RNA codons are the same in all organisms, but
DNA codons are different.
e) Gene expression in the
laboratory is tolerant of
genetic differences.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The ability of genes from one species to be expressed
in a different species is possible because of which
property of the genetic code?
a) the near universality of the genetic code
b) All species in Eukarya use the same genetic code.
c) Gene expression doesn’t utilize the genetic code.
d) RNA codons are the same in all organisms, but
DNA codons are different.
e) Gene expression in the
laboratory is tolerant of
genetic differences.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
In the transcription process, as diagrammed in Figure
17.7 and below, in which process (1, 2, or 3) does the
RNA polymerase bind to the promoter, is the RNA
transcript released, and is the RNA transcript
extended?
a) 1; 2; 3
b) 2; 3; 1
c) 3; 2; 1
d) 1; 3; 2
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
In the transcription process, as diagrammed in Figure
17.7 and below, in which process (1, 2, or 3) does the
RNA polymerase bind to the promoter, is the RNA
transcript released, and is the RNA transcript
extended?
a) 1; 2; 3
b) 2; 3; 1
c) 3; 2; 1
d) 1; 3; 2
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following components doesn’t form part of
the transcription complex at a eukaryotic promoter?
a) TATA box
b) start point
c) transfer RNA
d) transcription factors
e) RNA polymerase
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following components doesn’t form part of
the transcription complex at a eukaryotic promoter?
a) TATA box
b) start point
c) transfer RNA
d) transcription factors
e) RNA polymerase
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is not a modification made to
eukaryotic mRNA before it goes to the cytosol?
a) The 5 end is capped
b) A poly-A tail is added to the 3 end
c) Introns are removed
d) Exons are joined together
e) Spliceosomes are removed
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is not a modification made to
eukaryotic mRNA before it goes to the cytosol?
a) The 5 end is capped
b) A poly-A tail is added to the 3 end
c) Introns are removed
d) Exons are joined together
e) Spliceosomes are removed
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is not a difference between
prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription?
a) Part of the RNA polymerase specifically recognizes and
binds to the promoter in bacteria; in eukaryotes,
transcription factors mediate the binding of polymerase.
b) The RNA transcript is immediately useable as mRNA;
in eukaryotes, the RNA transcript is processed.
c) RNA polymerase requires a primer in bacteria; in
eukaryotes, it does not.
d) Eukaryotic transcription has a polyadenylation signal
sequence; in prokaryotes, a transcription terminator
causes the polymerase to detach and release the
transcript.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is not a difference between
prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription?
a) Part of the RNA polymerase specifically recognizes and
binds to the promoter in bacteria; in eukaryotes,
transcription factors mediate the binding of polymerase.
b) The RNA transcript is immediately useable as mRNA;
in eukaryotes, the RNA transcript is processed.
c) RNA polymerase requires a primer in bacteria; in
eukaryotes, it does not.
d) Eukaryotic transcription has a polyadenylation signal
sequence; in prokaryotes, a transcription terminator
causes the polymerase to detach and release the
transcript.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is incorrectly identified in the
figure (Figure 17.15)?
a) 5 and 3 ends
A
b) hydrogen bond
c) amino acid attachment site
d) anticodon loop
C
B
D
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is incorrectly identified in the
figure (Figure 17.15)?
a) 5 and 3 ends
A
b) hydrogen bond
c) amino acid attachment site
d) anticodon loop
C
B
D
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase is an enzyme whose
function is to ________.
a) link a tRNA to its amino acid
b) remove introns from a pre-RNA transcript
c) cause the RNA polymerase to detach from the DNA
d) join together RNA nucleotides complementary to the
DNA template strand
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase is an enzyme whose
function is to ________.
a) link a tRNA to its amino acid
b) remove introns from a pre-RNA transcript
c) Cause the RNA polymerase to detach from the DNA
d) join together RNA nucleotides complementary to
the DNA template strand
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Scientific Skills Exercise
To show how sequence logos are made, the potential ribosome-binding
regions from 10 Escherichia coli genes are shown in a sequence alignment.
The figure to the right is the sequence logo derived from the aligned
sequences. In the sequence logo, the horizontal axis shows the primary
sequence of the DNA by nucleotide position. Letters for each base are
stacked on top of each other according to their relative frequency at that
position among the aligned sequences, with the most common base as the
largest letter at the top of the stack. The height of each letter represents the
relative frequency of that base at that position.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
In the sequence alignment (on the previous slide), how
many of each base appear at position –9?
a) 5 G, 4 A, 1 T, 0 C
b) 7 G, 2 A, 1 C, 0 T
c) 4 G, 3 T, 3 A, 0 C
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
In the sequence alignment (on the previous slide), how
many of each base appear at position –9?
a) 5 G, 4 A, 1 T, 0 C
b) 7 G, 2 A, 1 C, 0 T
c) 4 G, 3 T, 3 A, 0 C
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
In the sequence alignment, how many of each base
appear at position 0?
a) 8 A, 1 G, 1 T, 0 C
b) 4 T, 3 C, 3 A, 0 G
c) 10 T, 0 A, 0 C, 0 G
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
In the sequence alignment, how many of each base
appear at position 0?
a) 8 A, 1 G, 1 T, 0 C
b) 4 T, 3 C, 3 A, 0 G
c) 10 T, 0 A, 0 C, 0 G
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
In the sequence alignment, how many of each base
appear at position 1?
a) 10 G, 0 C, 0 A, 0 T
b) 4 T, 3 C, 3 A, and 0 G
c) 10 T, 0 A, 0 C, 0 G
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
In the sequence alignment, how many of each base
appear at position 1?
a) 10 G, 0 C, 0 A, 0 T
b) 4 T, 3 C, 3 A, and 0 G
c) 10 T, 0 A, 0 C, 0 G
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The height of a stack of letters in a logo indicates the predictive power
of that stack (determined statistically). If the stack is tall, we can be
more confident in predicting what base will be in that position if a new
sequence is added to the logo. For example, at position 2, all 10
sequences have a G; the probability of finding a G there in a new
sequence is very high, as is the stack. For short stacks, the bases all
have about the same frequency, so it’s hard to predict a base at those
positions.
Which two positions in the logo sequence have the most predictable
bases, and which bases would you predict at those two positions in a
newly sequenced gene?
a) position 1 (T) and position 2 (G)
b) position –10 (G) and position –7 (A)
c)
position 0 (A) and position 2 (G)
d) position 0 (A) and position 1 (T)
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The height of a stack of letters in a logo indicates the predictive power
of that stack (determined statistically). If the stack is tall, we can be
more confident in predicting what base will be in that position if a new
sequence is added to the logo. For example, at position 2, all 10
sequences have a G; the probability of finding a G there in a new
sequence is very high, as is the stack. For short stacks, the bases all
have about the same frequency, so it’s hard to predict a base at those
positions.
Which two positions in the logo sequence have the most predictable
bases, and which bases would you predict at those two positions in a
newly sequenced gene?
a) position 1 (T) and position 2 (G)
b) position –10 (G) and position –7 (A)
c)
position 0 (A) and position 2 (G)
d) position 0 (A) and position 1 (T)
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which positions in the logo have the least predictable
bases? How can you tell?
a) All positions other than 1 and 2 have equally low
predictive power because they have multiple bases in
their stacks.
b) The four positions with the shortest stacks of bases have
the lowest predictive power (–15, –14, –3, and 3).
c) The 13 positions that are each missing at least one base
from the stack have the lowest predictive power
(–15, –13, –9, –8, –7, –3, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7).
d) The 12 positions showing no bases have the lowest
predictive power (–18, –17, –16, –12, –11, –6, –5, –4,
–2, 5, 6, and 8).
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which positions in the logo have the least predictable
bases? How can you tell?
a) All positions other than 1 and 2 have equally low
predictive power because they have multiple bases in
their stacks.
b) The four positions with the shortest stacks of bases have
the lowest predictive power (–15, –14, –3, and 3).
c) The 13 positions that are each missing at least one base
from the stack have the lowest predictive power
(–15, –13, –9, –8, –7, –3, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7).
d) The 12 positions showing no bases have the lowest
predictive power (–18, –17, –16, –12, –11, –6, –5, –4,
–2, 5, 6, and 8).
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
In the actual experiment, the researchers used 149
sequences to build their sequence logo, as opposed to
just 10. Now there is a stack at each position, however
short, because the sequence logo includes more data.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which three positions in the sequence logo in the figure
have the most predictable bases? Name the most
frequent base at each position.
a) position –18 (T); position –5 (A); position 8 (A)
b) position 0 (A); position 1 (T); position 2 (G)
c) position 0 (T); position 1 (A); position 2 (C)
d) position –11 (G); position –10 (G); position –9 (G)
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which three positions in the sequence logo in the figure
have the most predictable bases? Name the most
frequent base at each position.
a) position –18 (T); position –5 (A); position 8 (A)
b) position 0 (A); position 1 (T); position 2 (G)
c) position 0 (T); position 1 (A); position 2 (C)
d) position –11 (G); position –10 (G); position –9 (G)
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What gene feature is represented by the bases in
positions 0–2?
a) the translation stop codon
b) the transcription start site ATG
c) the ribosome binding site
d) the translation start codon AUG
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What gene feature is represented by the bases in
positions 0–2?
a) the translation stop codon
b) the transcription start site ATG
c) the ribosome binding site
d) the translation start codon AUG
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Based on the logo, what five adjacent base positions in the 5'
UTR region (the untranslated region at the 5' end of the mRNA)
are most likely involved in ribosome binding?
a) Positions –1 to 3 include the tallest stacks; therefore, they
represent the most likely sequence for the ribosome binding
site.
b) Positions –12 to –8 have the tallest stacks in the 5' UTR
region; therefore, they represent the most likely sequence
for the ribosome binding site.
c)
Positions –5 to –1 are adjacent to
the AUG start codon in the 5' UTR
region; therefore, they represent
the most likely sequence for the
ribosome binding site.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Based on the logo, what five adjacent base positions in the 5'
UTR region (the untranslated region at the 5' end of the mRNA)
are most likely involved in ribosome binding?
a) Positions –1 to 3 include the tallest stacks; therefore, they
represent the most likely sequence for the ribosome binding
site.
b) Positions –12 to –8 have the tallest stacks in the 5' UTR
region; therefore, they represent the most likely sequence
for the ribosome binding site.
c)
Positions –5 to –1 are adjacent to
the AUG start codon in the 5' UTR
region; therefore, they represent
the most likely sequence for the
ribosome binding site.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.