Transcript Cell Division Power Point

A single strand of DNA is
made of letters:
ATGCTCGAATAAATGTGA
ATTTGA
The letters make words:
ATG CTC GAA TAA ATG
TGA ATT TGA
The words make
sentences:
<ATG CTC GAA TAA>
<ATG TGA ATT TGA>
These "sentences" are
called genes.
• Genes tell the cell to
make other molecules
called proteins
• Proteins
are required
.
for the structure,
function, and
regulation of the
body's cells, tissues,
and organs.
Autosome = the name of the
chromosomes in each cell that are
not sex chromosomes
The longest of the autosomes is
referred to as chromosome 1, the
next largest as chromosome 2,
and so on, down to the smallest
autosomes, chromosomes 21 and
22.
The 46 chromosomes humans
have contain approximately
35,000 genes
We have approximately three
billion base pairs (6 billion bases
total) of DNA in most of our cells.
Meiosis
• The next series of 4 slides is taken from the site:
http://www.micro.utexas.edu/courses/levin/bio30
4/genetics/celldiv.html
• The images are drawings and then actual
pictures of the stages of meiosis during pollen
formation in the flower of a lily.
Monogenetic Diseases
• Scientists currently believe that
single gene mutations cause
approx. 6,000 inherited
diseases.
• Called single gene or
monogenetic diseases
because a change in only one
gene causes the disease
• Many lung and blood
disorders, such as cystic
fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, and
hemophilia are monogenetic
diseases.
.
Complex Diseases
• Inheritance of major
common diseases are not
as simple
• Heart disease, diabetes,
Alzheimer disease,
psychiatric disorders, and
osteoarthritis.
• Result from a combination
of the effects of the
environment and a number
of susceptibility genes.
http://genetics.gsk.com/chromosomes.htm#topofpage
Cell division video
http://genetics.gsk.com/overview.htm#mutations
DNA and genes video
http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/meiosis.html
Site used for crossing over image and 2nd meiosis image
http://www.psc.edu/~deerfiel/Protein-SciVis.html
Protein image on slide 16