Transcript Diseases of Muscular Systemx

Fibromyalgia
 Chronic, widespread pain in specific muscle
sites.
 Symptoms:
 Muscle stiffness
 Numbness or tingling in the arms or legs
 Fatigue
 Sleep disturbances
 Headaches
 Depression
 Etiology unknown, but stress, weather, and poor
physical fitness affect the condition
 Treatment:
 Directed toward pain relief
 Physical therapy, massage, exercise, stress
reduction
 Medication to relax muscles and relieve pain
Muscular Dystrophy
 Group of inherited diseases
 Leads to a chronic
progressive muscle atrophy
(muscles shrink in size and
lose strength)
 Usually appears in early
childhood
 Most types result in total
disability and early death
 Physical therapy is used to
slow progress of disease
Dushenne Muscular Dystrophy
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genetic disease passed in an X-linked recessive fashion - affects almost
exclusively males
Symptoms do not usually show up until child is 5-6 years old.
Milder form called Becker muscular dystrophy
Initial symptoms include: not being able to keep up with other children when
running; developing a “waddling” run and eventually a “waddling” walk;
difficulty going up stairs
Later symptoms include walking on tiptoes; developing a lordosis; more
frequent falling; and progressive weakness in the legs and later in the arms
Final stages include weakness of chest muscles that lead to respiratory
problems including pneumonia and eventually respiratory or cardiac failure
Posture changes during progression of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Myasthenia Gravis
 Chronic condition in which nerve
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impulses are not transmitted
properly to the muscles
Leads to progressive muscular
weakness and paralysis
Fatal when it affects respiratory
muscles
Etiology unknown
 May be autoimmune disease
 Antibodies attack the body’s own
tissues
No cure, and treatment is
supportive
Muscle Spasms or Cramps
 Sudden, painful, involuntary
contractions of muscles
 Usually occur in legs or feet
 May result from overexertion, low
electrolyte levels, or poor circulation
 Use gentle pressure and stretching of
muscle to relieve spasm
Strain/Sprain
 Overstretching or injury to a muscle and/or
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tendons
Frequent sites include the back, arms, and
legs
Prolonged or sudden muscle exertion is
usually cause
Symptoms:
 Myalgia or muscle pain
 Swelling
 Limited movement
Treatment
 Rest and elevation of extremity
 Muscle relaxants or pain medications
 Alternating heat and cold applications
Hernias
 Protrusion of an abdominal
organ through an opening in
the abdominal wall.
 Usually due to weakness of the
abdominal muscles
 Treatment:
 Can be reduced – organ is
manipulated back into
abdominal cavity either
naturally or manually or
surgically.