Transcript Genetic Engineering - christophersonbiology

Genetic Engineering
Christopherson
Review: Genome
The complete set of genetic material of an organism
Review DNA and Gene
A gene is a
portion of
DNA that
codes for a
trait
Review: Human Genome Project
The sequence of the 3
billion base pairs
(A,T,G,C) in human DNA
was discovered.
Humans have 20,500
genes in our genome
Benefits of the Human Genome Project
1. Improve
diagnosis of
diseases and
help with early
detection of
genetic
disorders
2. Gene Therapy
-Swapping an abnormal gene for a normal one
-Repairing an abnormal gene
3. Help create disease, insect, drought resistant,
and more nutritious plants
What is Genetic Engineering?
Technology used to change the DNA of
organisms to create a new useful result
Genetic Engineering requires the use
of Recombinant DNA
Recombinant DNA:
DNA
thatfrom
has been
A gene
one
changed by
joining
organism
is put
into
genetic
materialoffrom
the genome
a
two
different
sources.
different
organism
Examples #1: Bacteria and Insulin
(Medical)
Insulin (protein)
helps glucose
move from our
bloodstream to
our cells
Glucose is from
food that was
consumed
Type 1 Diabetes
Diabetics need to take Insulin shots
Gene that makes insulin in humans
was inserted into E.coli – They make
synthetic human insulin (Humulin)
Examples #2: Genetically Modified Food
(GMO’s)
These plants have
been modified
GMO’s are crop plants
to enhance desired
that have been created,
traits such as
genetically, for human
increased resistance
or animal consumption.
to herbicides
or improved
nutritional content
GMO’s: Agriculture
Agriculture is
modified to be
resistant to:
•Pests
•Disease
•Cold
•Drought
•Salt
Example #1 of GMO: Golden Rice
Malnutrition is
common in 3rd
world countries
where
impoverished
peoples rely on a
single crop such
as rice for the
main staple of
their diet.
More than 10 million children die of malnutrition
However,
rice majority
does notofcontain
adequate
every
year. A vast
these deaths
is linked
amounts
of all necessary
to prevent
to micronutrient
deficiencies.nutrients
The deficiencies
with
the highest impact
are in iron, zinc, iodine and
malnutrition
vitamin A.
Vitamin A
deficiencies can
cause blindness
Golden rice was
genetically
engineered to
contain beta
carotene.
Beta carotene can
provide Vitamin A
to its consumers.
GMO Example #2:
Video Clip
GMO’s: Glowing Organisms
Which organisms
naturally glow?
Can we make other
organisms glow using
Genetic Engineering?