Transcript Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering

Biotechnology &
Genetic Engineering
Chapter 13
Learning Goals
• 1. Summarize the two steps of Genetic
Engineering, explaining each of the
sub steps.
• 2. Explain at least two ways that
genetic engineering is used in our
lives.
Selective Breeding
• We decide who breeds to select traits
we want
Genetic Engineering
• Making changes in the DNA code of a
living organism
– Step 1: Genetic Manipulation
– Step 2: Cell Transformation
Step 1: Genetic Manipulation
• Scientists use their
knowledge of DNA
structure to study and
change DNA.
– 1. DNA extraction
• DNA is separated from
the rest of the cell.
– 2. Cutting the DNA
• Restriction enzymes cut
DNA into smaller
fragments so it is easier
to study/analyze.
– 3. Making copies
• Polymerase chain reaction is used to make
many copies of a particular gene
– 4. Making Recombinant DNA
• Pieces of DNA from one organism are
attached to the DNA of another organism
Step 2: Cell Transformation
• Foreign DNA is inserted into a cell
– 1. Take gene and put it into a different cell
• Use a bacteria plasmid or a virus to “deliver”
gene to new cell
– 2. New “Host” cell will follow the DNA
instructions of the inserted gene
– 3. Can be used to make important cell
products or give organism new traits
Applications of
Genetic Engineering
• Genetically-modified Organisms : an
organism that contains some genes
from another species
– Useful Applications:
• 1. Making medicines
• 2.Genetically-modified foods
• 3.Other Applications
• 1. Making Medicines
– Cells make important protein products
that people with diseases need
– EX: Insulin for Diabetes
– EX: Human Growth Hormone
– EX: Blood clotting factors
• 2. Genetically-modified foods
–
–
–
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Produce BIGGER foods
Feed more people
Disease & pest resistant
Frost resistant
• 3. Other applications
Pet “Glo” Fish
Glow-in-the-Dark
Bunnies & Mice
Cloning
• Dolly the Sheep
Copy Cat:
Clone your favorite dead pet!
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Genetic Ethics
• People have strong feelings about
genetic engineering.
• What do you think about what you have
just learned?
– Turn to your partner and share one idea.
Learning Goals
• 1. Summarize the two steps of Genetic
Engineering, explaining each of the
sub steps.
• 2. Explain at least two ways that
genetic engineering is used in our
lives.