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Camouflage, Mimicry and Adaptations What do animals need in order to survive? • • • • • Shelter – safety Water Oxygen Food Space Animal Adaptations • A106 & A107 • Lesson Outline p.71 • Have students on their own or in pairs read about Adaptations and answer the questions. If extra time start research with sites listed. Adaptations • Camouflage is a type of animal adaptation. • What is an adaptation? • An adaptation is something that helps animals survive better. Adapatations Report • You will be given time to research and report on animal adapatations. You will have many sites to available to go to. Read the information about the animals you are interested in and summarize it in one sentence to put on your reporting sheet. Your teacher will determine how many animals you should be able to report on depending upon the time available. Camouflage • Have you ever wondered why animals have spots, strips, or certain colors? • Sometimes an animal’s colors can be a difference between life and death. • Animals use their colors or shapes to blend into the environment. • What is this called? Find the critters! See if you can find the camouflaged animals in these pictures. The animals you are looking for are a deer, frog, and quail. Quail Look closely to find this animal! Deer! Can you see the frog? Prowling is one way I look for my prey. I am a predator. I live in the Arctic. I am a mammal. “Polar Bear” I am a large predator. I stalk my prey. I hunt large animals. I belong to the large cat family. “Leopard” I am a bird of prey. I use my sharp talons to grab my prey. I am the national symbol for the United States. My babies are called eaglets. “Bald Eagle” I am red and live in the ocean. I use camouflage to survive among the seaweed. I look like a horse. The male carries the babies. “Red Sea horse” I only come out at night. I look like a bandit. I am a mammal. I am an omnivore, it means I eat small animals, fruits and plants. “Raccoon” My babies are called pups. I hunt in groups called packs. I have very sharp teeth. I am related to the dog family. “Gray Wolf” A group of us are called a pod. I am a predator. I have sharp teeth. I have “killer” in my name. “Orca (Killer Whale)” I am the wariest in open spaces. Camouflage is important for me to survive. The babies are called Fawns. I am a prey. “White Tail Deer” I am a mammal. I drink blood from animals. I fly in huge groups. I live in caves. “Vampire Bat” I hunt large mammals. I can run up to 60 miles per hour. I am a predator. Stalking is my best way to follow my prey. “Cheetah” I am a reptile. I am a poisonous. Slithering is how move around. The sides of my head spread open. “King Cobra” I have not changed since the dinosaur times. I am a predator. Sometimes I use the deep blue waters to become invisible. I eat fish, seals, whales and other sharks. “Great White Shark” I am a predator. I hunt large animals. I stalk my unwary prey. The female does most of the hunting. “Lion” I hunt in packs. I eat small mammals. I have babies called pups. Stalking is one way I catch my prey. “Coyote” I am a predator. I can eat medium and large animals. I belong to the large cat family. My home is in the snowy mountains. “Snow Leopard” I live in the Nile River in Africa. I lay my eggs in a nest. I am a predator. I blend in with the brown muddy waters. “Nile Crocodile” I change my coat from brown in the summer to white in the winter. I live in the Arctic. I can hunt for my unwary prey. I am a mammal. “Arctic Fox” Mimicry • Animals may also try to look like another animals. • For example, non poisonous snakes will rattle their tale and flatten their head to look poisonous to a predator. • This is called Mimicry, where an animal tries to mimic or copy another. Which snake is poisonous? Other forms of mimicry… • Another example of mimicry involves the monarch butterfly, which is toxic and very nasty to eat.Its bright orange coloration is a warning to birds to leave it alone. The non-toxic viceroy butterfly has developed colors and wing patterns that are very similar to those of the monarch and so most birds won’t take a chance by taste-testing it! How would you describe yourself? – What do you look like? – Think about your personality, how do you act? – What are your likes and dislikes? © LoveLearning 2014 • Some of these traits are passed down by your parents, and others you learn on your own Traits • Every living thing has traits that make it unique – A trait is a quality or characteristic of a living thing © LoveLearning 2014 • Red hair, shape of a leaf, color of your eyes Heredity• Passing inherited traits from parents to offspring Inherited Traits • Animals and plants have inherited traits also © LoveLearning 2014 – Two black cats will have black kittens – Seeds from a pink rose bush will produce more pink rose bushes – http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgen etics/heredity/ © LoveLearning 2014 Let’s determine some of your inherited traits: Do you have attached or detached earlobes? Do you cross Do you have attached or your right thumb over your left detached thumb, or your earlobes? left thumb over your right thumb? Do you cross Do you have attached or your right thumb over your left detached Can your roll thumb, or your earlobes? left thumb over your tongue? your right thumb? Do you cross Do you have attached or your right thumb over your left detached Can your roll thumb, or your earlobes? left thumb over your tongue? your right thumb? Do you have dimples? Do you cross Do you have attached or your right thumb over your left detached Can your roll thumb, or your earlobes? left thumb over your tongue? your right thumb? Are your right-handed or left-handed? Do you have dimples? Do you cross Do you have attached or your right thumb over your left detached Can your roll thumb, or your earlobes? left thumb over your tongue? your right thumb? Are your right-handed or left-handed? Do you have freckles? Do you have naturally curly hair? Do you have dimples? Do you cross Do you have attached or your right thumb over your left detached Can your roll thumb, or your earlobes? left thumb over your tongue? your right thumb? Are your right-handed or left-handed? Do you have freckles? Do you have naturally curly hair? Do you have a widow’s peak? Do you have dimples? Do you cross Do you have attached or your right thumb over your left detached Can your roll thumb, or your earlobes? left thumb over your tongue? Do you have dimples? your right thumb? Are your right-handed or left-handed? Do you have freckles? Do you have naturally curly hair? Do you have a Is your second widow’s toe longer peak? than your big toe? Animal Behavior • Inherited behavior • or instinct • Learned behavior Monarchs migrate to the same spot in Mexico every year that their great, great, great grandparents migrated to the year before. Animals preparing for winter, birds protecting eggs and babies… Learned Behaviors • What is something that you are better at doing than other members of your family? – You learned how to do this, you did not inherit it from your parents – We learn many behaviors: • Riding a bike, making a sandwich, using good manners – Animals: • Raccoons learn to open trash cans • Birds learn where the best bird feeders are • A mother bear will show her cubs how to find berries for food • A pet cat may learn that food appears in its bowl after it hears the sound of a can opener • Humans learn how to speak © LoveLearning 2014 Learned Behaviors Learned Behaviors http://safeshare.tv/w/pihwfqHJCO © LoveLearning 2014 Inherited Traits Genes and Heredity © LoveLearning 2014 http://studyjams.scholastic.com/st udyjams/jams/science/humanbody/heredity.htm How does it all happen? © LoveLearning 2014 • How do babies inherit their parents’ traits? • Why do robin eggs hatch into robins and not eagles? • Why do deer have fawns and not rabbits? Genes • Traits move from parents to their offspring through genes – A gene is a tiny part of a cell that contains traits • Genes contain instructions that control the growth of that plant or animal • The instructions in those genes are different (black, red, blonde) © LoveLearning 2014 – Ex. Every human has genes that control hair color Genes – Hawk’s genes: hooked beak, sharp claws to tear apart mice and other small animals • Plants have genes to control size, shape, and color of its leaves © LoveLearning 2014 • Birds have genes that control their size, shape, and color How Genes Work • Genes come in pairs – Fathers have XY genes, mothers have XX genes – One gene from mom combines with one gene from dad – When they combine, the baby then has two genes Father Mother XY XX Baby XX – The baby may inherit the mother’s dimples and the father’s curly hair © LoveLearning 2014 • (XX = girl, XY = boy)