Transcript GENETICS & HEREDITY

HEREDITY
HEREDITY
Heredity – the sum of the traits
that are passed from your
ancestors to you.
-Inherited traits – human traits
determined by heredity.
-Acquired traits – developed
from environmental factors
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How many chromosomes are there
in each cell?
46 CHROMOSOMES total or
23 pairs of chromosomes in every
cell
Autosomes – 22 pairs of
chromosomes/ the 23rd pair is the
sex chromosome
Chromosomes
Female Sex Cells
XX
 [Ovum/Egg]
Male Sex Cells
XY
 [Sperm, determines the sex of the
baby]
Baby Girl = XX
Baby Boy = XY
DOMINANT AND RECESSIVE GENES
Mendel – Austrian monk
founded laws of dominant and
recessive genes.
Inherited traits –passed down
Genes occur in pairs
One is dominant and one is
recessive
DOMINATE Gene: More powerful
trait seen in person
RECESSIVE Gene: Weaker and
hides in the background. Trait
can only determine when two of
them are present - may show up
in future generations.
CARRIER: Has a recessive gene
that is not visible
(show where did you get those genes?)
 MUTATIONS – chemical changes in
genes.
 CAUSED – by either spontaneous
error in genetic mechanisms or
through some outside influence such
as radiation.
 RESULTS – defective off-springs
SEX-LINKED: Mother passes the
recessive X to son
Color-blindness
Hemophilia
Hemophilia is a bleeding
disorder.
 MULTIPLE BIRTHS: More than two
 Identical, same gender
 Fraternal, opposite gender
 CONJOINED (Siamese) TWINS:
Ovum splits apart, but the
separation is not completed. Babies
are joined at some part of their
bodies.
Mirroring Image or Reverse
Patterning can occur in identical
twins. This is where some body
details are on the right side of
one twin may be on the left side
of the other twin.
Congenital Malformation: A
condition that is present at birth.
Chromosomal Error: The
fertilized egg cell that contains
chromosomes in an abnormal
number, structure or
arrangement.
INHERITED CHARACTERISTICS
 Determination of
 Height and bone
Sex
 Sex-linked
characteristics
 Intellectual ability
 Blood types
 Longevity
structure
 Obesity
 Disease and diet
 Skin color
 Hair and facial
features
Blood types- O, A, B and AB
O – universal donors
AB – universal receivers