Transcript Chapter Outline with All Images

William S. Klug
Concepts of Genetics
Eight Edition
Chapter 1
Introduction to Genetics
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.
1.1 From Mendel to DNA
in Less Than a Century
1.1.1 Mendel’s Work on Transmission of Traits
1.1 From Mendel to DNA
in Less Than a Century
1.1.2 The Chromosome Theory of Inheritance:
Uniting Mendel and Meiosis
Place 01_03.jpg here
– A colorized image of the human male
chromosome set. Arranged in this way, the
set is called a karyotype.
1.1 From Mendel to DNA
in Less Than a Century
1.1.3 Genetic Variation
1.1 From Mendel to DNA
in Less Than a Century
1.1.4 The Search for the Chemical Nature of
Genes: DNA or Protein?
Place 01_07.jpg here
– An electron micrograph showing T phage
infecting a cell of the bacterium E. coli.
1.2 Discovery of the Double Helix
Launched the Recombinant
DNA Era
1.2.1 The Structure of DNA and RNA
Place 01_08.jpg here
– Summary of the structure of DNA,
illustrating the nature of the double helix
(on the left) and the chemical components
making up each strand (on the right).
1.2 Discovery of the Double Helix
Launched the Recombinant
DNA Era
1.2.2 Gene Expression:
From DNA to Phenotype
1.2 Discovery of the Double Helix
Launched the Recombinant
DNA Era
1.2.3 Proteins and Biological Function
Place 01_10.jpg here
– The three-dimensional conformation of a
protein. The amino acid sequence of the
protein is depicted as a ribbon.
1.2 Discovery of the Double Helix
Launched the Recombinant
DNA Era
1.2.4 Linking Genotype to Phenotype:
Sickle-Cell Anemia
Place 01_11.jpg here
– The hemoglobin molecule, showing the two
alpha chains and the two beta chains. A
mutation in the gene for the beta chain
produces abnormal hemoglobin molecules
and sickle cell anemia.
Place 01_12.jpg here
– A single nucleotide change in the DNA
encoding the -globin gene (CTCCAC) leads
to an altered mRNA codon (GAGGUG) and
the insertion of a different amino acid
(gluval), producing an altered version of the
-globin protein, causing sickle cell anemia.
Place 01_13.jpg here
– Normal red blood cells (round) and sickled
red blood cells. The sickled cells block
capillaries and small blood vessels.
1.3 Genomics Grew Out of
Recombinant DNA
Technology
1.3.1 Making Recombinant DNA Molecules
and Cloning DN
1.3 Genomics Grew Out of
Recombinant DNA
Technology
1.3.2 Sequencing Genomes:
The Human Genome Project
Place 01_15.jpg here
– A colorized electron micrograph of
Haemophilus influenzae, a bacterium that
was the first free-living organism to have
its genome sequenced. This bacterium
causes respiratory infections and bacterial
meningitis in humans.
1.4 The Impact of Biotechnology
Is Growing
1.4.1 Plants, Animals, and the Food Supply
Place 01_16.jpg here
– Dolly, a Finn Dorset sheep cloned from the
genetic material of an adult mammary cell,
shown next to her first-born lamb, Bonnie.
1.4 The Impact of Biotechnology
Is Growing
1.4.2 Who Owns Transgenic Organisms?
Place 01_17.jpg here
– The first genetically altered organism to be
patented, mice from the onc strain,
genetically engineered to be susceptible to
many forms of cancer. These mice were
designed for studying cancer development
and the design of new anticancer drugs.
1.4 The Impact of Biotechnology
Is Growing
1.4.3 Biotechnology in Genetics and Medicine
Place 01_18.jpg here
– Diagram of the human chromosome set,
showing the location of some genes whose
mutant forms cause hereditary diseases.
Conditions that can be diagnosed using
DNA analysis are indicated by a red dot.
Place 01_19.jpg here
– A DNA microarray. The glass plate in the
array contains thousands of fields to which
DNA molecules are attached. Using this
microarray, DNA from an individual can be
tested to detect mutant copies of genes.
1.5 Genetic Studies Rely On the
Use of Model Organisms
Place 01_20.jpg here
– The first generation of model organisms in
genetic analysis included (a) the mouse,
(b) corn plants, and (c) the fruit fly.
1.5 Genetic Studies Rely On the
Use of Model Organisms
1.5.1 The Modern Set of Genetic Model
Organisms
Place 01_21.jpg here
– Microbes that have become model
organisms for genetic studies include (a)
the yeast Saccharomyces, (b) the
bacterium E. coli, and (c) the fungus
Neurospora.
Place 01_22a.jpg here
– The third generation of model organisms in
genetics includes (a) the roundworm C.
elegans, (b) the plant Arabidopsis, and (c)
the zebrafish.
Place 01_22b.jpg here
– The third generation of model organisms in
genetics includes (a) the roundworm C.
elegans, (b) the plant Arabidopsis, and (c)
the zebrafish.
Place 01_22c.jpg here
– The third generation of model organisms in
genetics includes (a) the roundworm C.
elegans, (b) the plant Arabidopsis, and (c)
the zebrafish.
1.5 Genetic Studies Rely On the
Use of Model Organisms
1.5.2 Model Organisms and Human Diseases