Transcript Previously in Bio308

Continuing from last
time: Receptors
2 types of acetylcholine
receptors: same ligand
different response
Glutamate
Non-NMDA
Mg++
2 types of glutamate receptors
NMDA
Na+
Na+
Removal of Mg++
Explain response
Coincidence detector
Na+
Ca++
Na+
Na+
Na+
Ca++
Adapted from fig 21-40
Biaxial Model of bipolar affective disorders:
‘Most simply, manic states are here understood as the clinical
expression, at one point in time, of excessive synaptic neurochemical
capacity within the primary affective system, and depressive states
as the clinical expression of neurotransmitter depletion’
Askland and Parsons (2006)
Combination of neuroelectrical and neurochemical phenotypes
determines the range and tonicity of an individual’s affect
Neuroelectrical and neurochemical phenotypes?
Moving On:
Neurotransmitters
Soluble
Neurotransmitter receptors
Transmembrane
Synaptic signaling requires protein receptors
and peptide- derived signals
How do you make a protein?
How do you get a protein where it needs to be?
Biaxial Model of bipolar affective disorders:
Combination of neuroelectrical and neurochemical phenotypes
Determines the range and tonicity of an individuals affect
Questions
Part I: soluble neuropeptide –From DNA to protein
What is the central dogma?
How would a neuropeptide get made (in general terms)?
What are the basic parts of DNA, RNA, and proteins?
What is the difference between hnRNA, mRNA and
tRNA?
Synthesis overview
What carries the information?
Polymerization of nucleotides
Genes
‘ The entire nucleic acid sequence necessary for the
synthesis of a functional polypeptide’
MCB, p285
Components of a Eukaryotic Gene
What are the ‘parts’ or regions of a gene?
How are they organized?
Do genes always encode RNAs?
Do genes always encode RNAs that encode proteins?
Questions
How does RNA polymerase work and what does it make?
How does it know where to start and stop?
How does a ribosome work and what does it make?
How does it know where to start and stop?
If the DNA in every cell in your body is the
same why don't your adipose (fat)
cells secrete epinephrine?
If the DNA contains all of the information why doesn't
the ribosome just 'read' it?
Why have intermediate steps?
Looking at RNA ECB2 7.1
Making a cytosolic protein:
Step 1--transcribe
Genes encode proteins
Why use an RNA step?
Major steps in process: Initiation, Elongation and Termination
animation
Initiation
DNA-RNA interactions
DNA
Template strand
Complementary RNA strand
DNA/RNA
Hybrid
Watching
Transcription
EBC2 7.2
Adapted from Life; Purves 6thed
http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/molgenetics/transcription.swf
http://www.johnkyrk.com/DNAtranscription.html
Check out
Synthesis overview
And then there was:
a)Processing
b)Translation