Transcript Power Point 2 - G. Holmes Braddock

SC.912.L.16.3
SOEL OCANA
PERIOD.5
DNA replication ?
 DNA replication- the basis for biological inheritance, is a
fundamental process occurring in all living organisms to copy their
DNA.
 The basis for biological inheritance is basically when DNA makes
copies of itself
 DNA replicate is the copying of a double stranded DNA
molecule producing two identical DNA double helices.
 You can think of DNA replication as a zipper on a sweater it divides
into two strands unwinding itself when zipped down, then winding
itself back up forming a “DNA molecule”
Gene & Chromosomal mutations
 Genes – factor that is based on from parents to the offspring.
 Chromosomal mutation – an alteration to the chromosome .
 Genes are basically a code in our DNA everyone has genes, families
most often may share a lot of the same genes.
 When there is a mutation in a chromosome there is most probably
something wrong with the species.
 Chromosomal mutations can sometimes be genetic.
 Some examples of chromosomal mutations are ….
a) Down Syndrome
b) Color Blindness
Phenotypic Change
 Phenotype – physical characteristic of an organism
 A phenotypic change is a change in an organisms




appearance
A mutation may result in a phenotypic change if the
mutation occurs at a point on the gene that determines
the phenotype.
Mutations don’t always result in phenotypic change.
Phenotypic change is mostly seen when looking into
evolution
Evolution is the change of a species over time
 Transcription- synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA




template
The process of transcription is basically when the
enzymes copy DNA to produce the proper RNA to run
the organism.
This process creates proteins which make life possible.
Viruses like HIV and AIDS have the ability to read the
cell’s transcription, which help the virus keep making
copies of itself.
That is why it is so hard and nearly impossible to ever get
rid of HIV.
Genetic Code
 Genetic Code – collection of condos of mRNA.
 Is the genetic code most common in almost all
organisms ?
 Yes, the genetic code is common.
 Why ? Well because all organisms we know on
earth today evolved from a common ancestor
which used this same genetic code.
Similarities in Genetic Code
 Similarity in genetic code are due to common
ancestry because way back when we all
shared a common gene with one of our
ancestors and that is why we all have a similar
genetic code.
Process Of Inheritances
 Biological Inheritance – the process in which a
living organism produces another organism that
shares its same traits.
 Inheritance results in specific variations and is
the cornerstone for evolution.
 Evolution is mostly based on characteristics and
physical traits that have been passed down for
generation to generation