Transcript Gene Technology - espinosascience

Gene Technology
Vocabulary—Yay!
1. Polymerase chain 8. Clone
15. Telomere
reaction
9. Vector
16. DNA vaccine
2. Primer
10. Plasmid
17. Bioethics
3. Restriction enzyme 11. Probe
4. Gel electrophoresis 12. Bioinformatics
5. DNA fingerprint
13. Proteomics
6. Genetic engineering 14. Cloning by nuclear
7. Recombinant DNA
transfer
Selective Breeding
• Selective Breeding is the technique of allowing only those animals
with desired characteristics to produce the next generation.
• Can you think of a time when humans actually use selective
breeding??
• Nearly all domestic animals, crops
• This can lead to inbreeding and less genetic variety and disorders and
early death
• To increase genetic variation---introduce mutations
The Super Cow
• Reflect on what you just saw. 3-5 sentences.
• What do you think? Is it right? Can you see this used in other ways?
What are the benefits? Disadvantages?
DNA Identification
•Except for Identical Twins, no 2 people in
the world are exactly alike genetically.
•The majority of human DNA is the same.
Only about .1% of our DNA varies by
individual.
Steps in DNA Identification
1. Copying DNA via Polymerase Chain Reaction
or PCR
a) Often you only have a small amount of DNA (ie
crime scene) so you need to copy it
b) Video Clip
2. Cutting DNA with restriction enzymes
a) To cut long DNA molecules biologists use
bacterial proteins or restriction enzymes to cut
out certain sequences
Steps in DNA Identification
3.
Sorting DNA by size
a) DNA fragments can be studied with GEL
ELECTROPHORESIS, which separated DNA by size
and charge.
b) This creates a DNA fingerprint, unique to the
individual
c) Video Clip
4. Comparing DNA
4. Using the DNA fingerprint scientists can produce
the odds that 2 people will have the same DNA
fingerprint only about 1 in 100 billion (and there
are only 6.5 billion people on Earth).
Recombinant DNA
• The process of altering genetic material is called
GENETIC ENGINEERING.
• RECOMBINANT DNA results when DNA from 2
different organisms are joined.
• Example of Recombinant DNA—scientists inserted a
jellyfish gene (for a fluorescent green glow) into a
zebra fish to see blood vessels develop.
• Video Clip—6 facts
Cloning
• GENETIC ENGINEERING has also allowed biologists to
clone entire organisms…not just genes.
• In the 1990s scientists began cloning whole organisms or
CLONING BY NUCLEAR TRANSFER.
• They introduce a nucleus of a body cell into an egg cell to
generate an organism identical to the donor.
• Dolly, a sheep, was the first successful clone in 1996.
• Video
Stem Cells
• Brainpop!
Genetic Engineering and Food
• Genetic Engineering with plants is called
genetically modified (GM) crops.
• GM crops are more tolerant of weather
conditions (frost, drought), resistant to
herbicides, increase the amount of the crop
produced, resistant to disease, improved
nutritional value of foods
Genetic Engineering and your Food
1. You don’t want to sound like these people!
2. GMOs While you watch make a chart of benefits and possible
controversies.
3. Chart—Benefits and Controversies
4. Article
5. Opinion Paragraph
Designer Babies
• Issues and Decisions Worksheet
• Extra Credit Opportunities!!
• Watch one or both of the following movies, Trailers!:
• Gattaca or My Sister’s Keeper
• 2 page, typed, report on the film
• Report should include a summary of the storyline and how
it ties into Genetics and Designer Babies
• Report also needs to be signed by a parent, verifying that
you did indeed watch and have permission to watch the
movie
Genetic Science Ethics Survey
1. As a table group, read each scenario aloud.
2. On a separate sheet of paper (each person has their own), Mark
your choice. Then mark the group’s majority rules decision.
3. Complete the “final discussion” at the end of the paper…each
person should write their own paragraph.
Bioethics Group Reports
1.
2.
3.
4.
In your table groups read your scenario, read the questions.
Read your designated chapters.
Answer the questions.
Prepare a presentation to the class on your scenario.
1. Explain the scenario.
2. Go over the questions and answers.
3. Provide a visual (pictures, vocab, charts, pros/cons)
5. Present to the class
Genetic Engineering Concept Map Review