Transcript Parkinson’s Disease

By Katelyn Chaimson and Sean Guyot
Origin
First described as “shaking palsy” by physician Galen in
AD 175
 Later named after London Dr. James Parkinson in 1817
after his study of the disease
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What is Parkinson’s Disease?
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Neurological Disease that affects neurons in the brain causing the body to tremble
and movement to be impaired
Affects over 1,000,000 Americans today
One and a half times more likely to affect men
Commonly occurs after age 60 or older
Second most common neurodegenerative disorder
Affects every 13 in 100,000 people/60,000 new diagnosis per year
Types
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Adult-onset Parkinson's disease is most common
Early-onset Parkinson's disease (onset between 21-40 years)
Juvenile-onset Parkinson's disease (onset before age 21) rarest
Causes
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No one cause
Environmental Exposures
Nerve cells in substantia nigra become impaired or die
 These cells produce dopamine which produces smooth physical movements
Genetic/Hereditary
 Caused by mutations in the LRRK2, PARK2, PARK7, PINK1, or SNCA gene(familial)
 Alterations to GBA and UCHL1 genes heighten risk of development
Symptoms
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Depression
Dementia(memory loss)
Tremors
 Shaking that begins most often in the hands/fingers
Slowed Movement(bradykinesia)
 Steps become shorter
Rigid Muscles
 Muscles become stiff
Impaired Posture/Balance
 Posture becomes slouched
Loss of Natural Movements
 Decreased ability to perform unconscious movements
Abnormal Speech/Writing
 Speech becomes slurred and writing becomes smaller/more difficult
Treatment
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No cure
 Treatments suppress harsher symptoms
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PT
 Increase movement prevents arthritis
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Levodopa
 Best medication for PD patients
 Combined with Carbidopa to reduce side-effects and form Sinemet
 Increases dopamine
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MAO-B inhibitors
 Blocks enzyme that breaks down Levadopa
Prognosis
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Life expectancy is generally the same as general population
Both Chronic(persists over time) and Progressive(symptoms worsen
over time)
Symptoms differ from person to person
Not directly fatal
 Can cause Pneumonia or Fatal Falls
Research
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The Michael J. Fox Foundation For Parkinson’s Research
 Fox Trial Finder-online database that PD patients can access to find out info on what studies
they can be a part of
 PPMI-Parkinson’s Progression Marker Initiative; clinical study to discover the biomarkers of
PD
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Parkinson’s Disease Foundation
 founded in 1957, PDF has supported $100 million in research
 goal of finding causes, advancing therapies and ending Parkinson's
 Connection between ulcers and PD
Works Cited
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“Disease and Conditions: Parkinson’s Disease.” Mayo
Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and
Research, 2014. Web. 10 May 2014.
“NINDS Parkinson’s Disease Information Page.”
National Institute of Neurological Disorders And
Stroke. NIH, 1 May 2014. Web. 10 May 2014.
“Parkinson’s Disease Prognosis.” The Michael J. Fox
Foundation For Parkinson’s Research. The
Michael J. Fox Foundation, 2014. Web. 9 May 2014.
“Parkinson’s Disease.” MedicineNet.com. MedicineNet
Inc, 4 Dec 2013. Web. 10 May 2014.
“Understanding Parkinson’s.” Parkinson’s Disease
Foundation. Parkinson’s Disease Foundation Inc,
2014. Web. 10 May 2014.