Transcript Mitosis Vocabulary Review

Biotechnology
Vocabulary Review
The Living Environment - NYS 2.2 – The student
should be able to explain how the technology of
genetic engineering allows humans to alter the
genetic makeup of organisms
Remember to wait for the vocabulary word to pop up at the end! Can you guess it before it comes up?
PB
09
Selective Breeding
Method of improving a species by allowing only
those individual organisms with desired
characteristics to produce the next generation
Hybridization
http://plantandsoil.unl.edu/croptechnology2005/UserFiles/Image/siteImages/B73Mo17,hybridPlantsLG.gif
Breeding technique that involves crossing
dissimilar individuals to bring together the
best traits of both organisms
Inbreeding
Continued breeding of individuals with similar
characteristics
Polyploid
Having many sets of chromosomes
Genetic Engineering
http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/resources/crops/ag546-1/helixes3.jpg
The process of making changes in the DNA code
of living organisms
Restriction Enzyme
An enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence
of nucleotides
Gel Electrophoresis
http://www.biologyreference.com/images/biol_02_img0140.jpg
A procedure used to separate and analyze DNA
fragments at one end of a porous gel and apply
an electrical voltage to the gel
Recombinant DNA
http://www.obgynacademy.com/basicsciences/fetology/genetics/images/chimericDNA.gif
DNA produced by combining DNA from different
sources
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Technique that allows molecular biologists to
make many copies of a particular gene
NYS Regents
June 2008

For centuries, certain animals have been
crossed to produce offspring that have
desirable qualities. Dogs have been
mated to produce Labradors, beagles,
and poodles. All of these dogs look and
behave very differently from one another.
This technique of producing organisms
with specific qualities is known as…
Gene
Replication
Natural
Selection
Random
Mutation
Selective
Breeding
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NYS Regents
June 2007
Which statement best explains the
observation that clones produced from
the same organism may not be identical?
Events in meiosis result in variation
Gene expression can be influenced by the environment
Differentiated cells have different genes
Half the genetic information in offspring comes from each parent
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NYS Regents
June 2007
The flounder is a species of fish that can live in
very cold water. The fish produces an
‘antifreeze’ protein that prevents ice crystals
from forming in its blood. The DNA for this
protein has been identified. An enzyme is used
to cut and remove this section of flounder DNA
that is then spliced into the DNA of strawberry
plants. As a result, the plant can now produce
a protein that makes it more resistant to the
damaging effects of frost. This process is
known as…
Sorting of
Genes
Genetic
Engineering
Recombination
Of
Chromosomes
Mutation by
deletion of
genetic
material
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NYS Regents
June 2007
How does altering the DNA of a peanut
affect the proteins in peanuts that cause
allergic reactions?
The altered DNA is used to synthesize changed forms of these proteins.
The altered DNA leave the nucleus and becomes part of the allergy-producing protein.
The altered DNA is the code for the antibodies against the allergens.
The altered DNa is used as an enzyme to break down the allergens in peanuts.
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