Transcript Ch 4 Integument System - Silver Falls School District

Warning: Graphic Pictures
Ch 4 Integument System
Skin Problems –
infections, allergies, or damages
1. Athlete’s Foot
– mostly from fungal infection
2. Boils & Carbuncles
Bacterial infection & inflammation of hair
follicle.
• Boil = 1
• Carbuncle = several connected boils
3. Black & Whiteheads
• Blackheads - oil and dead skin cells trapped in
a oil pore, makeup
• Whiteheads - flesh-or white-colored bumps
due to skin pore blockage; blockage is deeper
than blackhead (covered w/epithelium)
4. Cold Sores
• Caused by Herpes simplex virus I
• Common, contagious, incurable
5. Contact Dermatitis
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•
•
•
Inflammatory response – red, itchy rash
Non-contagious
Chronic – long term, reoccuring
Caused by contact with allergens or irritants,
exposure to sunlight, or by poor circulation, even
stress.
6. Impetigo
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•
•
•
Crusting skin infection
Caused by staph and strep germs
Pus filled blisters
Highly contagious
7. Psoriasis
• Chronic – arms, knees, elbows, scalp
• Red patches covered with white scales
• Unknown cause; some think autoimmune
disorder
• Triggered by trauma, infection, stress
8. Cyanosis
• Blue skin, membranes, and/or nails
• Due to reduced oxygen in blood
9. Burns
• Tissue damage and cell death caused by
heat, electricity, UV radiation, or chemicals
• Associated dangers
- Dehydration
- Electrolyte imbalance
- Circulatory shock
Rules of Nines
• Way to determine the
extent of burns
• Body is divided into
11 areas for quick
estimate
• Each area represents
~ 9%
Burns are CRITICAL if…
• Over 25% of body has 2nd degree
• Over 10% has 3rd degree
• 3rd degree burns on face, hands,
and/or feet
Electrical
Heat Burn
Contact Burn
Scald Burn
Chemical
Sunburn
Inhale Burn
10. Skin Cancer
Abnormal cell mass
Two types
1. Benign
-does not spread
(encapsulated)
2. Malignant
-Metastasized (moves)
to other parts of body
Skin cancer is most
common type of cancer.
3 types of Malignant Skin Cancer
A. Basal cell carcinoma
- least malignant
- Most common
- Arises from stratum basale
B. Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- -arises from stratum spinosum
- Metastasizes to lymph nodes
- Early removal allows a good chance of cure
C. Malignant Melanoma
- Most deadly
- Cancer of melanocytes
- Metastasizes rapidly to
lymph & blood vessels
- Detection uses ABCD
rule.
ABCD Rule
A = Asymmetry
– Two sides of pigmented mole do not match
B = Border irregularity
– Borders of mole are not smooth
C = Color
– Different colors in pigmented area
D = Diameter
– Spot is larger then 6 mm in diameter
Pigmentation Disorders
Albinism
• Genetic recessive
Hyperpigmentation
• too much sun
• drug reactions
• poor nutrition
Vitilgo
• autoimmune
disorder
• linked
hyperthyroidism
& Addison's
Disease, which
affects the
adrenal gland.
Lichen simplex chronicus
• psychological
syndrome
• compulsive need
to scratch
• dark, leathery skin
• scarring &
infection
Lamellar ichthyosis (fish scale disease)
• Genetic?
Melasma
• Pregnancy mask
• Lupus (autoimmune)
Normal Discolorations
• Moles - collection of
melanocytes
• Freckles – some cells
make more melanin than
others; uneven suntan.
• Lentigines - Age spots,
sun spots, liver spots harmless, flat, brown
discolorations on the
hands, neck & face 40+
yrs; too much sun
• Birthmarks – pigmented
areas or dilated blood
vessels