Transcript Biology EOC Review

Roughly there will
be between 35-40
multiple choice
questions in the First
Session. These
questions will cover
concepts covered
throughout this
course
Second Session will
be a performance
event. This is
generally a series of
questions about
experimental
design.

Strand 3: Characteristics
and interactions of Living
Organisms (36%-44%)

Strand 4: Changes in
Ecosystems and
Interactions of
Organisms with their
Environments (22% - 27%)

Strand 8: Scientific
Inquiry (36%)
36-44% is Cells
 22% - 27% is Ecology
 36% is Inquiry


Our units we covered this year:
›
›
›
›
›
›
Scientific Method/Experiment
Cell Parts and Function, Homeostasis
Cellular Energy
Cellular Reproduction
DNA, Genetics and Heredity
Ecology




Purpose and researchwhat is your question
and is there already an
answer out there
Hypothesis – If…then…
This should be a
testable question
Analysis – tables, charts,
graphs
Conclusion should
support or refute the
hypothesis and explain!




Your line graph will
represent change over
time
IV – What you change
DV – How you measure
that change
Constant – What stays
the same
Control – Test subject
that isn’t changed
5
Plant Height, cm

6
4
3
Soil 1
Soil 2
2
Soil 3
1
0
week week week week
1
2
3
4
Time in different soils
Structure and
Function
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Parts
No organelles, no
nucleus
Has organelles and a
nucleus
Examples
Bacteria
Animals/Plants
DNA for replication
Simple, forms a loose
circle
Complex, form
chromosomes
How to remember
Pro = No brain
(nucleus)
You are eukaryotic,
You have a brain


Cell Parts Animated
What are the cell parts and what do they do?
›
›
›
›
›
›
›
›
›
›
›
Cytoplasm/Cytosol
Plasma membrane/cell membrane
Nucleus* & nuclear membrane
Nucleolus
Mitchondria* or Chloroplast*
Ribosomes*
Smooth ER
Rough ER
Lysosomes
Golgi bodies*
Vacuoles
Animal
Plant
Centrioles
--
Small vacuoles
Central Vacuole- large
--
Chloroplast w/chlorophyll
--
Cell Wall
 All
energy comes from the sun –
converted here on Earth
 The chemical equation of:
› Photosynthesis
CO2 + H2O  C6H12O6 + O2
› Cellular Respiration
› C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + H2O and ATP
(cellular energy)

In depth look at Photosynthesis

In short…
› Light Reactions- on thylakoid membrane
 Photosystem II
 Photosystem I  makes energy molecules
› Dark Reactions/The Calvin Cycle
 Products – Glucose (6-Carbon sugar) and O2
In action
 Sum it up:

› Glycolysis- anaerobic, in the cytoplasm
› Kreb’s Cycle – aerobic, in the mitochondrial
matrix, makes 4 ATP and uses 2ATP
› ETC – in the mitochondria, majority of ATP made
here
-Total of 38 ATP are produced but 2 ATP are
used so there is a net gain of 36ATP made.
If no oxygen is present, the cycle reverts to
anaerobic process of fermentation
 Two types we studied:

› Lactic Acid – produces a lactic acid; uses
include dairy products like cheese and yogurt
and what causes cramps in muscles
› Alcoholic – produces an alcohol; such as in
wine/beer making and bread making (the CO2
bubbles are what make the bread rise and the
smell is from alcohol burning off)
The reproduction of cells..
 They reproduce, often.

› Mitosis
› Meiosis
› Binary Fission
Interphase – most of cell life is here, time of
growing, dividing and preparing for division.
 Prophase- chromosomes pair up
 Metaphase – chromosomes meet in middle
 Anaphase – Spindle fibers pull to ends of
cell
 Telophase - Two cells are seen


Cytokinesis- completed two cells
You find DNA in every cell of living things.
 All traits are passed on to offspring
though genes
 Genes are locations on the chromosome
 Chromosomes are made of DNA that is
tightly wound
 Karyotype is an assembled picture of all
the chromosomes.

Homozgous – same alelles (TT or tt)
 Heterozygous – different alelles (Tt)
 Phenotype – physical appearance (Blue
eyes)
 Genotype – genetic makeup (homo dom , Tt)
 Dominant – trait that shows (TT or Tt, brown
eyes)
 Recessive – trait that shows only when no
dominant is present (tt , blue eyes)

Proteins are found in our body as muscle,
hair, enzymes, etc.
 Protein Synthesis:

› DNA -> RNA -> Protein
› Occurs in ribosome
› SO- DNA codes for RNA, RNA travels to
ribosome where proteins are assembled
 Populations
 Biomes
 Communities
 Food
webs/Energy pathways
Growth models
 Population regulation: limiting and nonlimiting factors
 Stability and succession: primary,
secondary and climax
 Niche

Competition
 Predator + prey, Natural Selection
 Mimicry
 Symbiosis:

› Parasitism
› Mutualism
› Commensalism