Transcript 12.3 Assessment

12.3 Assessment
Answers
1. What is the central dogma of biology?
DNA codes for RNA, which guides protein
synthesis
What does it have to do with protein
synthesis?
DNA is the guide for making proteins
2. What is produced in transcription and
translation?
In transcription, mRNA
In translation, proteins
3. Since RNA is important in transcription
and translation, describe what it is made
of?
single stranded
alternating phosphates and the sugar
ribose
uses the base uracil in place of thymine
4. Describe the three types of RNA. Include
shape, location, any movement of the RNA,
and which process transcription /translation
it is involved in.
mRNA- made in nucleus in transcription and
then leaves to go to the cytoplasm
rRNA – in cytoplasm, made of two units
that come together during translation to
interpret mRNA code
tRNA – in cytoplasm, looks like a cloverleaf,
carries anticodon and amino acid used in
translation
5. In transcription, what enzyme is used to
make the new strand of mRNA?
RNA polymerase
What happens to the new mRNA after it is
produced?
Leaves the nucleus and goes to cytoplasm
6. Is mRNA made from both sides or one
side of the DNA?
Only one side
7. How many amino acid are there?
Only 20
How are proteins made?
Combining amino acids to each other in a
long chain
8. What is the definition of the genetic
code?
The language of mRNA
How many letters are read at a time on the
mRNA?
3
9. What is a codon? Where is it found?
three letter word in mRNA
10. List the start and stop codons.
Start-AUG
Stop - UAA, UGA, or UAG
11. Describe the function of tRNA.
Interprets the language of mRNA and
brings amino acids to make proteins
What are the two things that are located
on tRNA?
Anticodons and amino acids
12. What is the anticodon complementary
to on the mRNA?
The codon
13. What happens to the amino acids that
the tRNA brings to the mRNA?
They bond to each other to make proteins
14. What happens to mRNA, tRNA, rRNA and
the protein when a stop codon is reached on the
mRNA?
Since there is no tRNA complement to these
codons, The rRNA, tRNA, and mRNA
disassembles and the protein chain is released.
Protein synthesis is ended.
15. Using the chart in the textbook, what amino
acid is coded by the codon AUG?
Methionine
16. Write the sequence of mRNA codons for the
following amino acid chain: start-serinehistidine-tryptophan-stop.
AUG-UCU(UCC, UCA, UCG)-CAU(CAC)-UGGUAA(UAG, UGA)
17. Indicate where transcription and translation
occur in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Eukaryote – transcription in nucleus, translation
in cytoplasm
Prokaryote – transcription and translation in
cytoplasm
18. Describe how DNA accounts for the
similarities among all human beings?
Similar sequences of DNA make up genes
19. What accounts for the differences between
individuals?
Unique sequences of DNA that make up genes
20. Suppose you are going to build a car at an automobile
factory. You would need to make blue prints first to
indicate the design of the car. Comparing the building of
proteins to that of a car, use the words cytoplasm
DNA (genetic code), mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, protein and
ribosome to fill in the answers to the analogy below:
Automobile Factory
Protein Synthesis
Engineers/blueprints
a. DNA
Workers
(who)
b. mRNA, rRNA
Supplier (who)
c. tRNA
Factory floor (where)
d. cytoplasm
Assembly line (where)
e. ribosome
Car (what)
f. protein