Transcript The Renaissance

The Renaissance
1450 -1600
The Early Renaissance
1400s – 1490s
 Where did the Renaissance
begin?
 Why did it begin there?
 What were the driving factors
behind the Renaissance?
The Italian City-States
What is a City-State?
The Italian City-States
What were the
advantages?
The Italian City-States
What were the
disadvantages?
The Italian City-States
Florence and Milan were ruled
by rival families, the Medici’s
and the Sforza Family
respectively.
The Italian City-States
Venice was a Republic, ruled
by a Senate which elected a
Doge to head the government.
The Doge remained in power
for life but the position was not
hereditary.
The Italian City-States
The Papal states were run by
the Pope elected by the Bishops
for life. The power of which
was diminishing as the
Renaissance ideas of
humanism and secularism were
expanding.
Western Schism
Florence, Italy
 The Cultural Center of Europe in the Early
Renaissance
 Art
 Commerce
 Banking
The Social Structure
POPULO GROSSO: “fat people” – 5% of the
population – elite/nobles, wealthy merchants,
and manufacturers.
MEDIOCI: middle – smaller merchants and
master artisans. SKILLED WORKERS
POPULO MINUTO: “little people” – bulk of
the urban population. UNSKILLED
WORKERS
The Social Structure
There was some social mobility – Why?
The Medici Family
Cosimo de’ Medici
Cosimo established the
Medici Bank and
Piero de’Medici
Carlo di Cosimo
de’Medici
“unofficially” ruled
Giuliano
Florence Lorenzo
from 1434-1464
“The
de’Medici de’Medici
Catherine
Magnificent”
He
was
a
patron of the
Piero lost control
of
Lorenzo
de’Medici
married Henryhumanities
of
and
supporter
Florence in 1492.
He
Piero’s
son
was
known
as
The
Giulio
de’Medici
Giovanni de’Medici
Navarre
and
became
Piero
of Bunelleschi
and
[Pope
Leo X]
[Pope ClementHe
VII]was de’Medici
Lorenzo
gained
died in exile
Magnifient.
the Queen of France
control
of others
Florence
among
also a patron of Donatello back
and ruled at
humanities and
Lorenzo the height of the
supported Botticello, de’Medici Medici’s power
over Florence
da Vinci, and
Michelangelo Catherine de’Medici
[Queen of France]
The Medici Family
 Wealthy Banking Family – provided stability
 Banished rival clans
 Manipulated electoral process
 Cosimo’s Grandson – survived an assassination
attempt – hours later enemies of the family
were hanging upside down from a government
building – including the archbishop of Pisa
 Botticello was commissioned to paint them as
they swung.
The Beginning of the
Modern Banking System
 The Medici’s set up the first modern
banking system with branches in England
and Bruges as well as throughout the
Italian peninsula
 The Gold Florin became the standard
currency in European trade
 WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF
BANKING?
 WHAT ARE THE RISKS?
HUMANISM
 A transition from the scholasticism of the Middle Ages
 Revival of Greek and Roman beliefs
 Appreciation of physical beauty
 Emphasis on man’s own achievements
 Secularism
 PETRARCH – considered the first humanist
Science and Technology
 Influenced by Humanism which encouraged curiosity
and questioning of accepted beliefs
 Experimentation and observation
 Define and understand the laws of nature and the
physical world.
THE EARLY RENAISSANCE
 1400-1490s
 Patronage of the Medici
family made:
 Florence the center of the
Early Renaissance
 Allowed artists to become
successful celebrities
Brunelleschi
 1446-1461
 8 sided dome of Santa
Maria del Fiore
Cathedral
 The symbol of
Florence
Brunelleschi
 Devised a way to
draw and paint
using linear
perspective
 “chiaroscuro” –
the illusion of 3D
Donatello
 David, de Donatello
 1430 – commissioned by
Cosimo de Medici
 Humanism – first free
standing nude statue since
ancient times
 Civic-humanism
Titian & Giorgione
 Developed method of painting
with oil directly on canvas
 Allowed artists to reword an
image which they couldn’t do
with fresco painting
 Transitioning into the Northern
Renaissance
DESIDERIUS ERASMUS
 Erasmus of Rotterdam
 promoted religious
toleration
 wanted the Church to
reform
The High Renaissance
 1490s – 1527
 Rome replaced Florence as
the center of culture
 Pope Leo X – he was the
son of Lorenzo de Medici
Michelangelo
 David 1501- 1504–
became the symbol of
Florence
 Dominant sculptor of the
Renaissance
 Humanism – reflected
the ideals of the Greek
Gods
Michelangelo
 Pieta, 1498 - 1499
Michelangelo
 The Ceiling of the Sistine
Chapel, 1508 - 1512
Leonardo da Vinci
 Mona Lisa, 1503-1506
 “Renaissance Man”
 Artist
 Scientist
 Architect
 Philosopher
 Engineer
Leonardo da Vinci
 The Virgin of the Rocks,
1483
 Unparalleled ability to
portray light and shadow
 And to portray the physical
relationship between
figures and the landscape
Leonardo da Vinci
 The Last Supper, 1494 - 1498
Raphael
 The School of Athens, 15091511
 Learned from Michelangelo
and da Vinci
 Humanism – expressed
classical ideals of beauty,
serenity and harmony
Northern Renaissance
 Northern “Christian” Humanism –
applied the Classical beliefs and
ideals to the traditional
understandings of the gospel.
 Art was more detailed and more
focused on color than in the Italian
Renaissance
 Sir Thomas More - Utopia
Jan Van Eyck
 Arnolfini Portrait – 1434
 Netherlands
 Techniques allowed for
deeper and more vibrant
color
 Considered one of the first
painting of “everyday life”
Albrecht Durer
 Self Portrait, 1500
 Germany
Hans Holbein the Younger
 Portrait of Henry VIII,
1536
 German
 Became the Court Painter
for Henry VIII
 Humanist
Pieter Bruegel, the Elder
 The Peasant Wedding, 1567
 Flemish (Belgian)
Transitions of the Renaissance