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Monday January 26, 2015 Do Now: List 3-6 things that you know about the Renaissance. Agenda: Notes on the Renaissance. The European Renaissance "Renaissance," French for "rebirth," describes the intellectual, artistic, and economic changes that occurred in Europe from the 14th-15th century. Where did the Renaissance begin? The European Renaissance began in northern Italy, and was based in three independent cities; Florence, Venice, and Milan. The Renaissance ideas would eventually spread into northern Europe as Spain and France fought with each other in Italian lands. So what caused the Renaissance? Recovery from the Black Death led to new commercial ventures & economic opportunity Contact with Muslims in Spain & the Middle East led to revival of classical texts Increased wealth led to patronage of the arts and learning HUMANISM Humanism was the intellectual movement based on the study of classical Greek and Roman art and literature. Resulted in a new spirit of inquiry Promoted the spirit of individualism & secularism Petrarch, the “Father of Humanism” collected Latin manuscripts and taught that scholars should analyze the world around them and not rely solely on faith. So What Did Renaissance Artists Care About? Christianity is still a MAJOR influence on most Europeans’ lives. Painting & Science = Accuracy; Make it as realistic as possible Writing = Everyone should be able to read Vernacular- the everyday language of a people in a region or country Famous Renaissance Artists: “The Ninja Turtles” Donatello c.1386-1466 Leonardo Da Vinci 1452-1519 Michelangelo 1475-1564 Raphael 1483-1520 Botticelli 1445-1510 Renaissance Art Leonardo da Vinci Painter, Sculptor, Inventor, Scientist Genius fascinated by how things worked Most Famous Pieces: Mona Lisa The Last Supper da Vinci’s Art Michelangelo Ceiling The Sistine Chapel Northern Renaissance Artists Jan Van Eyck c.1390-1441 Albrecht Durer 1471-1528 Hans Holbein 1497-1543 Pieter Brueghel 1525-1569 Jan Van Eyck c.1390-1441 Peasant’s Dance by Pieter Brueghel William Shakespeare English Playwright (1564-1616) Lived during the Elizabethan Age of England Famous During His Life and After Remembered for Poetry and Plays Most Remembered Plays: Romeo and Juliet Othello The Merchant of Venice Hamlet MacBeth William Shakespeare Why do we bother learning Shakespeare? His use of English was a perfect balance of vernacular and poetry His plays examine the flaws in human beings but also their potential to be great. from The Merchant of Venice He hath disgraced me, and hindered me half a million; laughed at my losses, mocked my gains, scorned my nation, thwarted my bargains, cooled my friends, heated mine enemies; and what’s his reason? I am a Jew. Hath not a Jew eyes? Hath not a Jew hands, organs, dimensions, senses, affections, passions? …If you prick us, do we not bleed? If you tickle us, do we not laugh? If you poison us, do not we die? Legacy of the Renaissance’s Art Paintings and Sculptures portrayed individuals and nature in more realistically and life-like Artists created works focused on people, day-to-day life, and religious ideas. Writers began to use local language (vernacular) to express ideas. Art was praised throughout all of Europe. The Renaissance An Age of Scientific Invention A time period of great scientific advancements that changed scientific knowledge, education, exploration, and travel. At the end of the Renaissance, European power and influence is going to spread across the world because of advancements made during this time. The Printing Press Johann Gutenberg improved the printing press so that books could be made cheaply and quickly. Copyist: Could create 1 Book/5 Months Printing Press: could create 500 Books/5 months Ideas and education could spread so much faster! Religion, technology, art… When ideas can spread quickly, CHANGE HAPPENS FASTER. Gunpowder Originated in China, but the Europeans fine tuned the recipe to make it an effective weapon. Muskets and pistols made Knights, Swords, and Shields became obsolete (ineffective). Warfare changed completely and for civilizations or nations without gun powder based weapons, the advantage belonged to the Europeans who had firearms. Navigation Advancements in ships and navigation allowed Europeans to finally explore outside of Europe, Asia, and Northern Africa Navigation Europeans wanted to open new trade routes, find new technology, and spread Christianity. Navigation Technology: Caravel- Ships that allowed Europeans to explore further away from Europe Compass- Calculate latitude and longitude More Accurate Maps- Allowed Europeans to establish trade routes between new locations