Transcript Biomolecules

Biomolecules
Biomolecules
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Biomolecules are carbon-based molecules
made and used by living things.
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They can also be called macromolecules.
■ Macro = large
■ Micro = small
Metabolism
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Biomolecules: created and broken
down during processes that keep
organisms alive.
These processes together are called
metabolism.
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Creating molecules = helps organisms
grow, heal, maintain
Breaking down molecules = release
ATP energy
Polymer vs. Monomer
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Polymer - a molecule composed of many
smaller units (poly = many)
Monomer - the smaller unit contained in a
polymer (mono = one)
Monomer
Polymer
Carbohydrates
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Carbohydrates (sugars): used by
organisms as quick energy or “fuel”
Sugars can be short & simple or long
& complex (also called starches)
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-ose means that something is a type of
sugar. Examples: Glucose, Lactose,
Fructose
Carbohydrates
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Simple sugars are the monomers that
make complex starches
Contain
Simple Sugars
Contain
Starches
Potatoes
Pasta
Bread
Which 3 elements
make up
carbohydrates?
____, ____, ____
Lipids
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Lipids: fats, oils and waxes
Functions: long-term energy storage,
cell membranes, cushioning,
waterproofing and warmth.
Lipids are made of fatty acids, which
might be saturated (bad fat) or
unsaturated (better fat)
Lipids
Things that contain lipids
Cooking Oils
Butter
Candles
Fatty Acids
Which 3 elements
make up lipids?
____, ____, ____
A typical lipid is made of three
fatty acids (either saturated or
unsaturated) and a glycerol.
Circle the three fatty acids and
the glycerol on your notes.
Proteins
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Proteins: carry out most of the functions of
the cell and make up an organism’s traits
Proteins must be put together correctly in
order to work
DNA provides the codes to put proteins
together
Proteins
Same
Muscle
Meats
Proteins
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Proteins are polymers made of amino
acids.
Proteins
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Enzymes, a type of protein, control the
speed of reactions that “make” and
“break” molecules.
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-ase means that something is an enzyme
Example: Lactase is the enzyme that
breaks down lactose, the sugar in dairy
products. (Without this enzyme, you feel
ill because you cannot digest the sugar!)
Nucleic Acids
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Nucleic Acids: instructions to make proteins
(traits); they store genetic information about
an organism.
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Examples: DNA and RNA
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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the “cookbook”
of protein recipes for most living things on earth.
Those that don’t use DNA use RNA.
Your DNA is unique and only an identical twin or
clone will have the same DNA as you.
Nucleic Acids
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The DNA double helix is made of
nucleotides.
Monomer
Nucleotide
Polymer
DNA
Review Questions
Name the four biomolecules:
carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
■ What are carbs used for?
Quick energy
■ What are nucleic acids used for?
They are the instructions to make
proteins.
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Review Questions
What are the functions of lipids?
Store energy long-term, make cell
membranes, and keep you warm,
waterproofed and cushioned.
■ What do proteins do?
Make up your traits and do cell work
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Review Questions
Give an example of a food that
contains protein:
Meat, eggs, nuts, beans
■ Give an example of a food that would
have lots of carbohydrates:
Candy, bread, pasta, potatoes
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Review Questions
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Give an example of a food where you
would find a lot of carbohydrates.
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Candy, bread, pasta, potatoes
Give an example of food with a lot of
lipids.
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Butter, foods fried in oil