Transcript Renaissance

Renaissance
The early modern era
Objectives



List 3 Renaissance artist and their works
Describe artistic contributions of the
Renaissance
Trace the progression of the
Renaissance through Europe
Renaissance




Means “rebirth”; focus on art and
learning
Change from Medieval times
Began in Italy 14th century, lasted until
the 16th century (1300-1600)
Spread North to the rest of Europe
Why Italy?






Crusades had opened trade routes
Italy became the center for ships and trade
Italy had a wealthy merchant class
Northern Italy had cities like no where else in
Europe
Ancestry of Greece and Roman culture
Constantinople had fallen to the Turks;
scholars came to Rome w/Greek manuscripts
Why Italy?






Italy was not centralized-strong city
states-Milan, Venice, Florence
No strong king to taxes the goods
Italy’s riches soon attracted trouble
Charles VIII King of France took Naples
Spain came to the rescue 1494
Italy was a battle ground for 30yrs
Humanism



The study of classical texts led to
humanism: focus of human potential
and achievements
The Arabs had brought them back to
Rome
Humanism emphasized art,
architecture, classical education and
humanities
Petrarch




Father of Renaissance Humanism
Wrote in the style of Cicero
The great hunt for literature
Wrote poetry and prose in Latin
Dante




Wrote in the Vernacular
Divine Comedy-Journey to Heaven
Popularized Hell a hot place
What was it before?
Chaucer



Wrote in the Vernacular
Canterbury Tales
Criticized society and church practices
Christine de Pizan

Defended women in her writings
Secularism




secularism It is acceptable to enjoy
life. Live life to the fullest- non-religious
Much $ was spent on art, buildings,
feasts, clothing, etc.
Catholic church was a part of this just
as the wealthy were
Popes and the wealthy class became
patrons (supporters) of the arts
Secularism and Humanism




Work together to end medieval society
and bring forward a new society with
new art, literature, and science
Emphasis on human achievement
Enjoying those achievements
Using human achievements to make life
more enjoyable
The Renaissance Man


“A jack of all trades”
It means a man should strive to be:





Charming, witty, well educated in the
classics
Be trained in the arts, music, dance
Be trained in sword fighting, riding
Have self-control
Well rounded individual
Renaissance Art


Art was in abundance; patrons were
everywhere
Complete break w/ Medieval style art
Medieval Art-usually flat and
religious-these are good
medieval painting
Renaissance Art




Perspective: 3-d, gives depth to a
painting
Sculpture and paintings become more
life like
Glorification of the human body
Themes are greatly religious, however
there is a mix between Greek subjects
and Christianity
The new tricks of art
Michelangelo



Painted the Sistine Chapel
One of the most famous artists
Sculpted and painted
Michelangelo’s David
Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
Creation of Man
Tomb of Guilano Medici
Leonardo da Vinci




“Renaissance man”
performed autopsies
Studied art-religion-science-math
He thought of inventions that would not
be created until the 20th century
Da Vinci
Madonna of Carnation
The Last Supper
Anatomy of the Heart
Bones
Skis
A car??
Botticelli


Known for his mythical figures
Famous for the Birth of Venus
Birth of Venus
Venus
Raphael




One of the most copied Renaissance.
Artists
Used Madonna’s often
expressed emotion
Influenced many future artists
Annunciation
Madonna with Christ
Adoration of the Magi
Donatello


Focused mainly on sculpture
His David was the first free standing
human sculpture since Greek times
Entombment
David
St Lawrence
Questions



1. Why did the Renaissance begin in
Italy?
2. How was Italy different from the rest
of Europe?
3. How was da Vinci a true
“Renaissance” or “universal” man?
The Renaissance Spread North




Because…
The 100 yrs war ended in 1453
Eng and France were ruled by a
monarch
These monarchs began supporting the
arts
Because….



Students went to Italy to study art
1494, France invaded Italy: many
people fled Italy for safer areas (the
North)
The Northern Ren developed differently
then the Italian Ren./ the North is
based more on Christian ideals than
secularism
Bruegel: Adoration of the
Kings
Battle about money
Peasants wedding
Hans Holbein
Edward VI
Jane Seymour
Triumph of Death
Albrecht Durer: self portrait
4 Horsemen and Apocalypse
Knight, death and devil
St. Jerome
Melancholy
van Eyck: Annunciation
Crucifixion and the Last
Judgement
The Printing Press and Writers



Johann Gutenberg built a press in
Europe in 1440
His first copy, the Bible, was copied in
1455 (Gutenberg Bible)
The Printing press did lots of important
things
Like…




Allowed learning to spread
Books become cheaper
Availability of books caused a rise in
literacy and reading the Bible
Helps to bring the Reformation



Northern Ren writers adopted
humanism, but gave it a religious tone:
called Christian Humanists
Erasmus: satirical writings, made fun of
the clergy, however he was religious
Thomas More: wrote Utopia, showed
the world w/o the bad human qualities



Shakespeare: Ren England, born in
1564
Reflected understanding of human
emotion in his plays
Greek influence: Julius Ceasar