Transcript bioinformatics

Biotechnology I
BIOINFORMATICS
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ESSENTIAL QUESTION
What role do databases play in
Biotechnology?
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BIOINFORMATICS
Definition:
 field of science in
which biology,
computer science,
and information
technology merge to
form a single
discipline.
 “Bio-” = life
 “-informatics” =
dealing with data!
BIOINFORMATICS
 In this discipline, computer programs are built to
 Create data bases
 Search databases – design search engines that
search and retrieve biological information
 Compare sequences –Asking how similar/ how
different
 Represent molecular structure Takes the information stored and build threedimensional structure of biological molecules like
proteins
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INFORMATION ALLOWS US TO EXAMINE
 Phylogenetics
 How genes and
organisms are related.
 Protein structure
 How proteins fold to
make 3D molecules.
 Gene expression
 Which genes are
expressed where and
when?
INFORMATION ALLOWS US
Identify Human Diseases
Genetic Testing
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GENETIC TESTS
Isolate DNA from individual
Have his/her DNA sequenced
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GENETIC TESTS
For Genetic Tests to be useful must:
Compare the patient’s DNA to known
sequence
Known Sequences are called reference
sequence
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BIOLOGICAL DATABASES
Reference sequences stored in
databases such as
National Center for Biotechnology
Information (NCBI)
Part of National Institutes of Health
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NCBI
Single, centralized place for
biotechnological and biomedical
information.
TONS of information on all aspects of
biotechnology
Scientist driven
FREE information, tools, and resources
NCBI
Has over 30 databases related to
genetics and molecular biology
Databases searched using one search
engine
Different databases are cross-referenced
and inter-linked
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THINK-PAIR-SHARE
Think back to the last time you had to
quickly find something on the internet,
what search engine(s) would you use?
PROPERTY OF PIMA COUNTY JTED, 2010
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POSSIBLE SEARCH ENGINES
NCBI
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… the
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ITUNES VS NCBI
 Has a collection of databases that allows you to
search for
 Music
 Podcasts
 Videos
 Ringtones
 NCBI likewise
 Provides one-step shopping when searching
biotechnology information
 Database crucial for scientists conducting biological
research
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KEY QUESTIONS
What distinguishes different genes,
different proteins?
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DNA
What does sequence mean?
 Order of nucleotides…
Human hemoglobin gamma subunit
PROTEIN
What does sequence mean?
 Order of amino acids…
One protein sequence
A different protein sequence
Is this information available to YOU? How do you get it?
NCBI
Allows us to identify genes and proteins based
on their nucleotide sequence and amino acid
sequence
By comparing it to nucleotide sequence and
amino acid sequence already in database
How might that be useful?
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STUDENT ACTIVIT Y
Complete the ”Navigating the NCBI
Worksheet”
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