Transcript TheEuropeanRenaissance

The European Renaissance
c. 1350-1600
by: Pamela Hammond
Brantley Co HS Nahunta, GA
2009-2010
Growth of Italian City-States
• Italian city-states grow rich
and powerful
– Had strong ties with Byzantine
and Muslim merchants
– Centrally located
– Each city-state specialized in
one commercial activity
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Usually controlled by guilds
Milan: metal goods and armor
Florence: banking and textiles
Venice: Asian goods
– Europeans monarchs and
nobles sought loans from
merchants
Modern Florence
Florence becomes the most
influential city-state
• Maintained a thriving industry
in wool and silk trade
– Purchased luxury items from
the East and sold them for a
larger profit
– Sold insurance to sea traders to
protect their investments
• Created numerous banks that
made loans or exchanged
currencies
• Medici family promoted trade,
banking, the arts, scholarship
Lorenzo di Medici (14781521)
Known as “the Magnificent”
Renaissance begins
• Renaissance is a French word
meaning “rebirth”
– Refers to the revival in arts and
learning
– Revival of Greco-Roman culture
Pope Julius II
By: Raphael
• Italian city-states displayed
wealth by giving financial
support to artists who created
works with classical themes
• Italy was home to one of the
classical civilizations…Rome.
• Florence takes the lead in the
late 1300s and becomes the
cradle of the Renaissance into
the 1500s
With a partner complete the
graphic organizer
The Spirit of the Renaissance
• People became interested
in Ancient culture…
– Knowledge of ancient Greece
and Rome was rediscovered
by scholars
• Contact with Byzantines and
Muslims during the Crusades
ignited this interest
• Europeans became eager to
learn about the world around
them
– Scholars thought ancient
Greek and Roman writings
would help them solve
Latin translation of
one of Aristotle’s
works
The Spirit of the Renaissance
included…
• A fascination with Classical cultures
– Artists used ancient art as models
– Sculptures created statues that copied the
Greco-Roman ideal of the human body
• Donatello
• Michelangelo
– Architects designed buildings after studying
the ruins in Rome
• Brunelleschi
• Michelangelo
The Spirit of the Renaissance
included…
• A new type of scholar called a
humanist
– Humanists devoted themselves to
studying ancient writings
– They tried to learn about many subjects
such as Latin, Greek, history and
mathematics
– Petrarch, a Florentine, was the first
great humanist
• A belief in human potential
– Believed each person could achieve
great things
– Claimed that people educated in the
classics could create a better world
– Emphasized human achievement on
Renaissance
Literature
Johannes Gutenberg (1398-1468)
“Revolutionary of the written word”
• Born in Mainz, Germany
• Goldsmith turned printer
• Block printing
– Carve what was to be printed in to wooden
blocks
– Blocks would wear out
– Mistakes could not be corrected easily
• Invented moveable type for his printing
press (1452)
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Each letter on a separate shank
Reusable
Mistakes easily fixed
Lasted longer than blocks
• Books were now cheaper, more people
could afford them
– Literacy increases
– Ideas spread much faster
• Protestant Reformation
Movable Type
•See p. 488 in
WHPI
The Chinese & Koreans had
it first.
A page for
the
Gutenberg
Bible
Only 5 intact
Bibles remain
Characteristics of Italian
Renaissance Literature
• Written in the vernacular
– Dante was the first to write
in his native tongue rather
than Latin
– Divine Comedy
– The Inferno
• Secular
– Everyday lives
– Politics
• Role of individual
stressed
• Humanistic
– People are capable of
accomplishing anything
• Petrarch
– “Father of Humanism”
– Sonnets
• Castiglione
– The Courtier
• Machiavelli
by: Raphael
– The Prince
– “Father of Political Science”
– Encourages rulers to use
all means “fair or foul” to
gain
and keep
power
Northern Renaissance
Literature
• Vernacular
• Call for reforms
• Erasmus
– Saw the ills of society and
hoped to correct them through
the written word
• Satires
– Attempt to poke fun at the
excesses of life while drawing
attention to the reality for
reform
– Dutch
– The Praise of Folly
– Called for reforms in the
Church
• Sir Thomas More
– English
– Utopia
– Called for the reform of society
in general (calls for an “ideal
society”)
• Shakespeare
– English
– Playwright, poet
• Cervantes
Erasmus
by: Holbein
Sir Thomas
More
by:
Holbein
Sir Wm
Shakespeare
– Spanish
– Don Quixote
– Calls for the reform of Spanish
society…join the 17th century
Renaissance Art
Characteristics of Italian
Renaissance Art
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Realistic
Perspective
Humanistic
Classical
Sculpture
Painting: Frescoes,
oils
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Donatello
Botticelli
Brunelleschi
Leonardo
Michelangelo
Raphael
•See accompanying slide
show for examples of Italian
Renaissance Art
Northern Renaissance Art
• “Photographic”
• Attention to details
• Secular mostly
– Portraits
– Landscapes
– Documentation of events
• Rich deep hues
– Oils on canvas
•See accompanying slide
show for examples of
Northern Renaissance Art
• Jan Van Eyck
– Dutch
– Religious and secular
paintings
• Hans Holbein
– Dutch
– Court painter for Henry VIII
of England
• Pieter Bruegel
– Dutch/Flemish
– Landscapes, scenes with
peasants
• Albrecht Durer
– German
– Paintings and engravings
Northern Renaissance compared to Italian
Renaissance
•Should not be considered an appendage to Italian art/literature.
•But, Italian influence was strong.
•Painting in OIL, developed in Flanders, was widely adopted in Italy.
•The differences between the two cultures:
•Italy  change was inspired by humanism with its emphasis on the
revival of the values of classical antiquity.
•No. Europe  change was driven by religious reform, the return to
Christian values, and the revolt against the authority of the Church.
•More princes & kings were patrons of artists.