Transcript renaissance and italyx - sccoesocialstudiesresources

Renaissance in Italy
Describe the characteristics
of the Renaissance and
understand why it began in
Italy.
Identify Renaissance artists
and explain how new ideas
affected the arts of the
period.
Understand how writers of
the time addressed
Renaissance themes
Analyze how the
Renaissance shaped
European thought, art and
religion
Political
social
economic
cultural
Political/
Economic
social
cultural
Kings and church leaders had to make
room at the top of the power structure
for wealthy bankers and merchants.
Raphael’s St. George
Sistine Cherub
System based on King granting land to
his important noblemen who became
barons.
The nobles in exchange pledged loyally to the
king and to provide supplies and soldiers in
time of war
Most Europeans were peasant farmers
working on the land of a Feudal nobleman.
Slow shift from agricultural
to an urban society
Trade assumed greater
importance than in the past
Renaissance
Creative thinking let people
comprehend world more
accurately
New technology let people
comprehend world more
accurately
As the Feudal system developed, the
peasants or serfs became tied to the land, not
allowed to leave it without permission of the
lord of the manner.
The poor
underneath
coliseum
The divisions consisted of the old rich, the
new rich nobles, the middle class, and the
lower middle class (The poor didn't count)
After

Before
Perhaps of greatest importance was that
Europeans began to develop a radically
different self image as they moved from a
God-centered to a more humanistic outlook.
Beauty was believed to afford at least some
glimpse of a transcendental existence.
The ideal life was no longer a monastic escape
from society, but a full participation in rich
and varied human relationships.
Renaissance thinkers continued to use
Latin as the language of the church as
well as for scholarship
Living in the here and now was challenged
by philosophical beliefs
secular and human interests became more
prominent.

Felt their era was a time of rebirth after what
they saw as the disorder and disunity of the
medieval world.
Michelangelo sculpted his masterpiece out of a
block of marble
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Yesterday I was
Today I am
Tomorrow I don’t know thelma
& louise
In contrast, Renaissance thinkers explored the
richness & variety of human experience in here
and now
Instead of the
creator titans
Renaissance ideal included a person with
many talents
Curiosity led people to explore new worlds or to
reexamine old ones.
Scientists looked at the universe in
new ways
With new forms and techniques e40

“To (man) it is
granted to have
whatever he
chooses, to be
whatever he wills.”
Italian thinker: Pico della Mirandola idol
Humanities : include study of the following
subjects…
Humanists valued education

Francesco Petrarch: assembles a library of
Greek and Roman manuscripts
Believed that it stimulated the
individual’s creative powers
Encouraged others to preserve the works of Great
Roman and Greek classics,

Italy was divided into many small city-states

Each Italian city-state was controlled by a
powerful family and dominated by a wealthy
and powerful merchant family.

-their interest in art and emphasis on personal
achievement helped to shape the Italian
Renaissance.

of Florence ranked among the
richest merchants and bankers in
Europe.
Pope Pius II, said:
"Political questions
are settled in
[Cosimo's] house.
The man he chooses
holds office...He it is
who decides peace
and war...He is king
in all but name.”

-family continued as uncrowned rulers of the
city for many years
In practice but not
ordained by law.
“In fact”
Lorenzo de' Medici
(January 1, 1449 –
April 9, 1492) was
an Italian statesman
and de factor ruler
of the Florentine
Republic during the
Italian Renaissance.
Clever politician that held Florence
together during the difficult times in
The late 1400’s
Death marked the end of
Golden Age in Florence
Buried in Medici
Palace in Florence

He invited poets and philosophers to the
Medici Palace

Medici’s great wealth
and influence
informed Florence
more than any other
city
Donatello’s soldier

During the
Renaissance, painters
returned to the realism
of classical times by
developing new
techniques for
representing both
humans and landscape

Giving their work energy and
realism, Renaissance artists used
setting to make objects look round
and real-- and new oils to reflect
light.

As a result they were able to portray the
human body more accurately than
Medieval artists
Renaissance architecture

Architect Leon described architecture as a
“…form meant to blend beauty with utility and
improvement of society.”

Renaissance artists adopted the column,
arches, and domes that had been favored by
the Greek and Roman
Similar arch depicted in
Renaissance art

Filippo Brunelleschi (Broo Nay Lays Kee)
created a majestic dome of the Pantheon in
Rome
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*multi-talented
*studied the arts and sculptures with
Donatello
*accomplished engineer
* inventing many of the machines
used to construct his dome.
Leonardo had endless curiosity that fed his genius
for invention

He made sketches
of nature and of
models in his
studio, and
dissected corpses
to learn how
bones and
muscles work.

The Last Supper, showing Jesus and his apostles on
the night before the crucifixion, is both a moving
religious painting and a masterpiece of perspective.
However he had many talents including
botany, anatomy, optics, music, architecture,
and engineering

Though most of his
paintings are lost
today, his many
notebooks survive as a
testament to his
genius and creativity.

He was a sculptor, engineer, painter,
architect, and poet.

Michelangelo has been called a “melancholy
genius” because his work reflects his many
life-long spiritual and artistic struggles.

In his twenties,
he created
masterpieces
such as David
and the Pietà
marble. The Pietà
which captures
the sorrow of the
Biblical Mary as
she cradles her
dead son Jesus
on her knees.

The biblical shepherd who killed the giant
Goliath, recalls the harmony and grace of
ancient Greek tradition.
Temptation
and fall

The enormous task, which took four years to
complete and left the artist partially crippled,
depicted the biblical history of the world from
the Creation to the Flood.

His most famous design was for the dome of
St. Peter’s Cathedral in Rome.
Served as a model for later structures like the
White House
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Raphael (rah fah el) (1483–1520) was widely
admired both for his artistic talent and “his
sweet and gracious nature.”
Raphael studied the works of the great masters but
developed his own style of painting that blended
Christian and classical styles.

Tender portrayal of the Mother of Jesus
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Raphael pictured an imaginary gathering of
great thinkers and scientists, including Plato,
Aristotle, Socrates, and the Arab philosopher
Averroës.

Raphael included the faces of Michelangelo,
Leonardo—and himself.
“In him was great bodily strength . . . with a spirit and
courage ever royal and magnanimous; and the fame of his
name so increased, that not only in his lifetime was he held in
esteem, but his reputation became even greater among
posterity after his death.”

Ideal man: athletic—but not overactive; good at
games—but not a gambler; plays musical
instrument, knows history and literature—but
is not arrogant dw highlights

She is graceful and kind, lively but reserved. She is
beautiful, “for outer beauty,” wrote Castiglione, “is
the true sign of inner goodness.”
Unlike ancient writers such
as Plato, Machiavelli did not
discuss leadership in
terms of high ideals.

wrote a guide for rulers on how to gain and
maintain power

Machiavelli stressed that the end justifies the
means. He urged rulers to use whatever
methods were necessary to achieve their goals.
ruthless
but critics attacked his cynical advice.

Later students of government,
however, argued that Machiavelli
provided a realistic look at politics.