Transcript The Renaissance Review Notesx

High probability area for the AP Exam.
In the past 10 years, 5 FRQs have come
from this chapter.
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Began in Italy and
spread North (1450)
England (1600-1700)
Period stood in
distinct contrast to the
Middle Ages
Culture applied
almost exclusively to
upper class
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Northern Italian CityStates
Genoa, Venice, Milan
Oligarchies: rule of
merchant aristocracies
Italy becomes more
urban
No political unification
Private armies hired by
cities for protection
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Republic of Florence- The
Medici Family
Cosimo de’Medici
Lorenzo de’Medici
Duchy of Milan-The
Sforza Family
Rome- The Papal States
(political and religious
leaders)
Venice, Venetian
Republic
Naples, Kingdom of the
Two Sicilies
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French Invasion
Medici overthrow
Girolamo Savonarola
Battleground for
struggles between
Spain and France
1527- Holy Roman
Empire invades Rome
and symbolizes the
end of the Renaissance
in Italy
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“the end justifies the
means”
“It was better to be
feared than loved”
Rulers had to be
practical, cunning,
aggressive and ruthless
Influenced European
rulers for centuries
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Revival of Greek and
roman philosophy,
literature and art
Individualism
Virtu: “the quality of being
a man”
Latin/Greek languages
secular
Liberal arts education
programs
Civic Humanism:
education should prepare
leaders to be active in civic
affairs
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Petrarch: “father of humanism”
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“Dark Ages”/ Italian Vernacular
Boccaccio: Greek and Roman mythology
Leonardo Bruni: modern historian
Lorenzo Valla: expert of Latin
Marsillion Ficino: translated Plato’s works
Pico della Mirandola: Oration on the Dignity of Man
Machiavelli
Baldassare Castiglione: The Courtier
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Renaissance Social Etiquette
Qualities of being a true gentleman
Rejected crude contemporary habits
“Renaissance Man”
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Johann Gutenberg
One of the most
important inventions
in human history
Movable type
Spread of ideas and
literature
Facilitated the
Reformation
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Florence= artistic center
(quattrocento)
Rome=artistic center in
1500s
Patronage- wealthy
merchant
families/church
Pope Alexander VI:
most notorious of the
Renaissance
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Spent $$$$$$
Sistine Chapel, The School
of Athens, Tempietto
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Painting
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Sculpture
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Perspective: 3-D
Chiaroscuro: use of dark and light
and colors to create depth
Individualism
Emotion on faces
Sfumato: softening/blurring of
harsh outlines
Tempera paint
Free standing
Greek and Roman influence
Glorified the human
body/individual
Architecture
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Greek and Roman influence
Simplicity, symmetry and balance
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Giotto
Brunelleschi
Lorenzo Ghiberti
Donatello
Masaccio
Botticelli
Bramante
Leonardo da Vinci
Raphael
Michelangelo
Titian
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Reaction against
Renaissance ideals
(symmetry,
simplicity, realistic
use of color)
Works included
unnatural colors and
exaggerated shapes
El Greco
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Christian Humanismimprove society and
reform the church
Less emphasis on
ancient Greece and
Rome
Hebrew and Greek
texts of the Bible
Led to criticism of the
church thus leading to
the Reformation
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Erasmus-first humanist to earn a
living through writing
Thomas More-civic humanist,
Lord Chancellor to King Henry
VIII
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Utopia
Jacques Lefevre d’ Etables-France
Francesco Ximenes de CisnerosSpain
Francois Rabelais- confidence in
Human nature
Michel de Montaigneessay/Skepticism
William Shakespeare-playwright
Miguel de Cervantes- Don Quixote
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Flemish Style
More detail than Italian
Renaissance
 Oil painting
 More emotion-preoccupation
with death
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Jan Van Eyck-oil painting
Bosch-symbolism and
fantasy
Peter Brueghal the Elderlives of ordinary people
Albrecht DurerHans Holberin the Younger
Fugger Family-patrons of
the arts
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Wealthy women
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Increase access to education
“ornaments”
Sexual double standard
Christine de Pisan-first feminist
Isabelle d’Este- “First Lady of Renaissance”
Armtmesia Gentileschi – first female artist to gain recognition (Baroque)
Peasant and Lower class women
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Not much status change
Nuclear Family-unable to support extended families
Marriage=Economic considerations/not love (dowries)
women under 20, men late 20s
Infanticide
Dramatic population growth until 1650
Rape not considered a serious offense
Prostitution
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Caterina Sforza in
Milan
Isabella I-Spain
Mary Tudor-England
Elizabeth I-England
Catherine de MedicisFrance
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1. Compare and Contrast the Renaissance and the
Later Middle Ages.
2. To what extent is the Renaissance truly a
departure from the past.
3. To what extent did Renaissance humanism affect
the view of the individual?
4. Analyze the influence of humanism on
Renaissance art. Select at least three artists and
analyze at least one work for each artist.
5. Analyze the impact of patronage on Renaissance
art.
6. To what extent were women impacted by the
Renaissance?