Transcript PRESENTATION ON SUPPLIMENTORY FOOD PRODUCTS

PRESENTATION ON
SUPPLEMENTARY FOOD
PRODUCTS
PRESENTED BYI.J. YADAV
2010BT11
M.TECH(BIOTECH), 2ND SEM
DEPTT. OF APPLIED MECHANICS,
MNNIT ALLAHABAD
CONTENTS
DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS
 NUTRACEUTICALS
 CLASSIFICATION OF NUTRACEUTICALS
 FUNCTIONAL FOOD
 MEDICAL FOOD
 FARMACEUTICALS
 Dietary Supplements Can Cause Harm
 Applications of suppementary food
 FDA ROLE IN SUPPLEMENTaRY FOODS
 Nutrition market in India
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WHAT IS A DIETARY SUPPLEMENT
Congress defined the term "dietary supplement"
in the Dietary Supplement Health and Education
Act (DSHEA) of 1994.
 A dietary supplement, also known as food
supplement or nutritional supplement.
 Such as vitamins, minerals, fibers, fatty acids or
amino acid, that may be missing or may not be
consumed in sufficient quantities in a
person's diet.
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CONTD
It is a preparation intended to supplement the diet
and provide nutrients.
 A dietary supplement is a product taken by mouth
that contains a "dietary ingredient" intended to
supplement the diet.
 The "dietary ingredients" in these products may
include: vitamins, minerals, herbs or other
botanicals, amino acids, and substances such as
enzymes, organ tissues, and metabolites.
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CONTD
Dietary supplements can also be extracts or
concentrates, and may be found in many forms
such as tablets, capsules, softgels, gelcaps,
liquids, or powders.
 Some countries define dietary supplements as
foods, while in others they are defined as drugs or
natural health products.
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INFORMATION MUST THE
MANUFACTURER DISCLOSE ON THE
LABEL OF A DIETARY SUPPLEMENT
Information that must be on a dietary supplement
label includes:
 A descriptive name of the product stating that it is
a "supplement”
 The name and place of business of the
manufacturer, packer, or distributor.
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CONTD
A complete list of ingredients; and the net
contents of the product.
 In addition, each dietary supplement must have
nutrition labelling in the form of a "Supplement
Facts" panel.
 This label must identify each dietary ingredient
contained in the product.
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NUTRACEUTICAL
The term nutraceutical was originally defined by
Dr. Stephen L. DeFelice, founder and chairman of
the Foundation of Innovation Medicine (FIM),
Crawford, New Jersey in 1989.
 Nutraceutical, a term combining the words
“nutrition” and “pharmaceutical”.
 It is a food or food product that provides health
and medical benefits.
 Including the prevention and treatment of disease.
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CONTD
E.g.,-vitamins,suppliments,antioxidants,essential
oil, mineral oil,enzymes,healthy fricks etc.
 Toning down the various pathogens.
 Health Canada defines the term as, "A
nutraceutical is a product isolated or purified
from foods that is generally sold in medicinal
forms not usually associated with food. A
nutraceutical is demonstrated to have a
physiological benefit or provide protection
against chronic disease.”
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CONTD
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Such products may range from isolated
nutrients, dietary supplements and specific
diets to genetically engineered foods, herbal
products, and processed foods such as cereals,
soups, and beverages.
CLASSIFICATION OF NUTRACEUTICALS
Products typically claim to prevent chronic
diseases, improve health, delay the aging process,
and increase life expectancy.
 1. Dietary supplements
 A dietary supplement is a product that contains
nutrients derived from food products that are
concentrated in liquid or capsule form Dietary
supplements can also be extracts or concentrates,
and may be found in many forms such as
tablets,capsule,softgels,gelcaps,liquids,or
powders.
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CONTD
Dietary supplements do not have to be approved
by the U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
before marketing.
 Although supplements claim to provide health
benefits,.
 Products usually include a label that says: “These
statements have not been evaluated by the Food
and Drug Administration.
 This product is not intended to diagnose, treat,
cure, or prevent any disease.”
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2. FUNCTIONAL FOODS
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The term was first used in Japan in the 1980s where
there is a government approval process for functional
foods called Foods for Specified Health Use (FOSHU).
Health Canada defines functional foods as “ordinary
food that has components or ingredients added to give it
a specific medical or physiological benefit, other than a
purely nutritional effect.”
Functional food is any healthy food claimed to have
a health-promoting or disease-preventing property
beyond the basic function of supplying nutrients.
CONTD
Functional foods are an emerging field in food
science due to their increasing popularity with
health-conscious consumers.
 The general category of functional foods
includes processed food or foods fortified with
health-promoting additives, like “vitaminenriched" products.
 Fermented food with live cultures are considered
as functional foods with probiotics benefits.
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CONTD
In Japan, all functional foods must meet three
established requirements, foods should be: (1) Present in their naturally-occurring form,
rather than a capsule, tablet, or powder.
 (2) Consumed in the diet daily as othar food
products.
 (3) It should regulate a biological process in
hopes of preventing or controlling disease.
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INDUSTRY
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The functional food industry, consisting of food, beverage and
supplement sectors, is one of the several areas of the food
industry that is experiencing fast growth in recent years.
It is estimated by BCC Research that the global market of
functional food industry will reach 176.7 billion in 2013 with
a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.4%.
Specifically, the functional food sector will experience 6.9%
CAGR.
The supplement sector will rise by 3.8% and the functional
beverage sector will be the fastest growing segment with 10.8%
CAGR.
This kind of growth is fueled not only by industrial innovation
and development of new products that satisfy the demand of
health conceious consumers but also by health claims covering
a wide range of health issues.
3.MEDICAL FOODS
Medical foods aren’t available as an over-the
counter product to consumers.
 The FDA considers medical foods to be
“formulated to be consumed or administered
internally under the supervision of a physician.
 Which is intended for the specific dietary
management of a disease or condition for which
distinctive nutritional requirements.
 On the basis of recognized scientific principles,
are established by medical evaluation.”
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CONTD
Nutraceuticals and supplements do not meet these
requirements and are not classified as Medical
Foods.
 Medical foods can be ingested through the mouth
or through tube feeding.
 Medical foods are always designed to meet
certain nutritional requirements for people
diagnosed with specific illnesses.
 Medical foods are regulated by the FDA and will
be prescribed/monitored by medical supervision.
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EXAMPLES
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1.Allergic conditions
Medical foods for management of allergic
conditions may contain both gamma-linolenic
acid (GLA), a short chain omega-6 fatty
acid primarily sourced from the seeds of the borage
plant, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an omega-3
polyunsaturated fatty acid sourced from fish.
 These fatty acids help to inhibit the production
of leukotrienes in the system.
 Sufficient quantities of GLA and EPA necessary for
reduction of leukotrienes cannot be obtained from a
normal diet.
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CONTD
Leukotrienes are inflammatory molecules
produced by immune cells (neutrophils,
basophils, mast cells, macrophages and
eosinophils) in the body.
 They are involved in the inflammatory
response and cause the narrowing of the airways,
increased mucus production and tissue swelling
associated with both allergies and asthma.
 In order to control allergic symptoms, research
shows that it helps to inhibit the production
of leukotrienes in the body.
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2. DIABETES MELLITUS
Medical foods for management of diabetes
mellitus generally contain slowly digested
carbohydrates, which helps minimize peaks in blood
sugar.
 Consistent maintenance of optimal blood sugar levels
(avoiding highs and lows) over time can help reduce the
complications of diabetes.
3.Gastrointestinal tract impairment
 Medical foods for management of gastrointestinal
tract (GI tract) impairment provide an amino acid-based
diet in its most easily digestible (elemental) form to aid
in poor nutrient absorption due to digestive
disease,malabsorption, severe food allergies, or other
conditions in which the GI tract is severely
compromised.
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4.METABOLICALLY STRESSED PATIENTS
Medical foods for management of metabolically
stressed patients provide
supplemental glutamine to nourish the GI tract
and restore glutamine while a patient is in a
stressed, catabolic state.
 Regulation
 Medical foods are regulated by the US Food
and Drug Administration under the Food Drug
and Cosmetic Act regulations.
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4.FARMACEUTICALS
Farmaceuticals is a melding of the words farm and
pharmaceuticals.
 It refers to medically valuable compounds produced
from modified agricultural crops or animals (usually
through biotechnology).
 Using crops and possibly even animals as
pharmaceutical factories could be much more cost
effective than conventional methods (i.e., in enclosed
manufacturing facilities) and also provide
agricultural producers with higher earnings…
 The term farmaceuticals is more frequently
associated, in agricultural circles, with medical
applications of genetically engineered crops or
animals.”
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CONTD
The following is an incomplete list of
foods with reported medicinal value:
 Antioxidants:
 Resveratrol from
red grape products; flavonoids inside citrus, tea,
wine, and dark
chocolate foods; anthocyanins found in berries.
 Cancer prevention:
 broccoli (sulforaphane) fiddleheads (Matteuccia
Struthiopteus)
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CONTD
Improved arterial
health: soy or clover (isoflavonoids)
 Lowered risk of cardiovascular disease: alphalinolenic acid from flax or Chia seeds
 In addition, many botanical and herbal extracts
such as ginseng, garlic oil, etc. have been
developed as nutraceuticals.
 Nutraceuticals are often used in nutrient premixes
or nutrient systems in the food
and pharmaceutical industries.
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DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS CAN CAUSE
HARM
A dietary supplement refers to the food replacement
to aid. But it is always better to take any dietary
supplements after weighing the pros and cons of it. It
is because it said that some dietary supplements can
cause adverse effects.
 Some Dietary Supplements Cause
Adverse Effects:
 The fact that these supplements sometimes contain
caffeine for example (to speed up the metabolism) is
not always known and people who are very sensitive
to caffeine may experience nasty side-effects such as
heart palpitations and excessive shaking and
sweating.
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CONTD
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Often consumers of these products are not fully aware of
the contents or ingredients of the supplements, and ignore
the fact that even botanical ingredients can cause nasty
side effects or interfere with other medication.
1.Health Risks Caused by Dietary
Supplements:
Ephedra
Normally taken by people who need more energy and as
homeopathic medication for bronchitis sufferers, this
supplement has more side effects than benefits.
For e.g. the effect of this supplement is about the fact as to
what happens due to over consumption of coffee. Products
containing ephedra are mostly tablets that promise to speed
up weight loss. Sometimes these tablets are called as
ephedra dangers.
CONTD
Hypertension (shaking and feeling of nervousness
combined with a raised heartbeat).
 Heart Palpitations (the supplements over-stimulates
the blood flow and the heart has to deal with this).
 Insomnia (not being able to get to sleep because the
body cannot relax).
 Stroke (occurs when the blood flow is too fast and
possible minute blood clots end up near the heart or
brain).
 Seizures, caused by the inability of the body to
regulate the speedy heartbeat caused by Ephedra.
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HEALTH RISKS CAUSED BY ECHINACEA
Echinacea is taken by many to boost the immune
system and avoid illnesses such as the flu.
 Even children are sometimes encouraged to take this
supplement from a young age.
 The most important side effect is one called
immunosupression, a condition that suppresses the
immune system from doing its job. This can occur
after 8 weeks of taking the supplements and means
that the immune system is not able to do its job and
to ward off infections or illnesses anymore.
 Another side effect is the incapacity of the body to
heal wounds properly and quickly.
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HEALTH RISKS CAUSED BY CHONDROITIN
Many people take chondroitin supplements to
prevent or treat osteoarthritis, it reduces swelling
in joints and helps to deal with the pain caused by
arthritis.
 However a chondroitin supplement can cause
enormous problems when a person who has been
taking this supplement for over a month needs to
have surgery performed.
 The patient might suffer from bleeding
complications during surgery due to their
chondroitin supplements, as this supplement
thins the blood.
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HEALTH RISKS CAUSED BY CREATINE
Creatine helps combat and prevent coronary heart
disease and prevents dementia.
 As this supplement makes the nerves and
muscles stronger, chondroitin is much used in the
world of sport to help athletes and body builders
build up muscle and endurance.
 A danger of dietary supplements (and also of this
one) is that people often only find out about
possible side-effects after along time.
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CONTD
Creatine supplements cause dehydration and great
care must be taken to drink plenty of water when
using this supplement.
 Dehydration can quickly cause damage to vital
organs and blood vessels.
 Creatin causes dehydration by storing fluids in
muscles and tissue, withdrawing it from the bodily
processes such as the blood flow and digestion.
 Severe cramping can be a symptom of this
dehydration.
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APPLICATIONS OF SUPPEMENTARY
FOOD
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Carotenoids
1. Beta-carotene
Carrots, various fruits- Neutralizes free radicals, which may
damage cells; bolsters cellular antioxidant defenses.
2. Lycopene
Tomatoes and processed tomato products- May contribute to
maintenance of prostate health.
Dietary Fiber- Insoluble fiber
Wheat bran- May contribute to maintenance of a healthy
digestive tract.
Fatty AcidsMonosaturated fatty acids
Tree nuts- May reduce risk of coronary heart disease.
Prebiotics/Probiotics
- Lactobacilli, bifidobacteria
Yogurt, other dairy and nondairy applications- May improve
gastrointestinal health and systematic immunity.
FDA'S ROLE IN REGULATING DIETARY
SUPPLEMENTS
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The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA)
requires that a manufacturer or distributor notify FDA if it
intends to market a dietary supplement in the U.S. that contains
a "new dietary ingredient."
The manufacturer (and distributor) must demonstrate to FDA
why the ingredient is reasonably expected to be safe for use in a
dietary supplement, unless it has been recognized as a food
substance and is present in the food supply.
The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) regulates advertising,
including infomercials, for dietary supplements and most other
products sold to consumers.
FDA works closely with FTC in this area, but FTC's work is
directed by different laws.
FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN)
is responsible for the agency's oversight of these products.
CONTD
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In October 1994, the Dietary Supplement Health and
Education Act (DSHEA) was signed into law by President
Clinton. Before this time, dietary supplements were
subject to the same regulatory requirements as were
other foods. This new law, which amended the Federal
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, created a new regulatory
framework for the safety and labeling of dietary
supplements.
European Union
The European Union's Food Supplements Directive of
2002 requires that supplements be demonstrated to be
safe, both in dosages and purity.
Only those supplements that have been proven to be
safe may be sold without prescription.
CONTD
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Russia
The Russian Ministry of Health's order number 1898, dated
15 April 1997 and titled "Concerning the procedure for the
examination and health certification of Active Dietary
Supplements".
China
In China, prior to market entry, manufacturers must register
dietary supplements with the State Food and Drug
Administration (SFDA). The process requires investments of
both time and money. After market entry, the registration is
valid for five years and then must be renewed.
United States
In the United States, a dietary supplement is defined under
the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of
1994(DSHEA) as a product that is intended to supplement
the diet and contains dietary ingredients.
NUTRITION MARKET IN INDIA
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In future, the ageing population across the world will increase,
and demand for supplements and functional foods related to
age-related conditions will certainly grow at double-digit rates.
World renowned economists predict in the next ten years that
the Wellness Industry will expand to over $1 trillion; meaning
that it's going to be the largest growing industry by the year
2010 and may even surpass the pharmaceutical business. Even
though the Indian nutraceutical market is in a nascent stage, it
is showing accelerated growth and is expected to cross US$400
Million in India alone.
India’s nutrition concerns are three fold - On one hand is the undernourished population (380 million)
with majority having inadequate purchasing power to even
consume a diet sufficient in calories, let alone take sufficient
nutrients.
Their challenge is to meet foundation needs to maintain
normalcy of being.
CONTD
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These needs would have to be addressed by government
programs with the private sector playing a supportive role.
- On the other hand is the huge population (570 million)
that is nourished in calorie intake but not in terms of
nutrient intake.
This segment would typically include lower middle to
upper class population with sufficient purchasing power
but probably low awareness about their nutrient
requirements, leading to unmet condition specific needs in
addition to foundation needs.
In fact, 60% of this population (340 million with 30% in
urban and 34% in rural areas) consumes more than the
recommended number of calories with higher than
recommended levels of dietary fats and could be the largest
contributor in making India the future cardiovascular and
diabetes capital of the world.
CONTD
- The third population segment (80 million) is one
which consumes nutrients and calories more than
the norm due to their enhanced physical
requirements because of their chosen lifestyles
and interest areas such as professional sports,
heavy exercise and extensive outdoor field work.
 This would lead to a greater need for nutrition, in
addition to some condition specific and
foundation needs.
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THANK YOU