Transcript Chapter 18 - Fitness Mentors

Chapter 18
Supplementation
Objectives
• After this presentation, the participant will be
able to:
– Define what dietary supplements are and
describe the various classes and uses of them
– Understand basic supplemental
recommendations for optimizing health
– Respond to questions about dietary supplements
based on objective, scientific facts.
– Define the term ergogenic and common
substances used to enhance performance
Rationale for Supplement Use
– Various studies have reported that people taking a
multivitamin supplement experience a reduced risk of
chronic disease development
– A dietary supplement can be used to improve the
nutrition of a client who has an unhealthy diet*
– Others take dietary supplements in hopes of
enhancing physical or mental performance, altering
body composition, stimulating metabolism, controlling
appetite, or slowing the aging process
Dietary Supplements
• Experts agree that everyone should take a
multivitamin and mineral formula daily to
support optimal health.
• Specific compounds, when ingested and
manufactured properly, can allow the body to
operate at full capacity without disturbing its
natural physiology as drugs do.
• Individual results during usage may be based
on the physiologic and psychological state of
the recipient.
Vitamin and Mineral
Supplements
• General Health
– Dietary deficits and limitations
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Insufficient food intake
Increased needs that are not met by diet alone
Lack of interest in essential food grouping
Low body fat maintenance
Unknown variables of actual nutrient content of
food
Dietary Reference Intakes
– Dietary reference intake (DRI) values for nutrients
provide good guidelines for what constitutes an
adequate intake of a nutrient. For many nutrients,
values also have been set for the amount considered
to be excessive and potentially harmful. The DRIs are
designed to estimate the nutrient needs of healthy
people in various age groups and of both sexes.
– Even essential nutrients are potentially toxic at some
level of intake. For some nutrients, the level of intake
that causes serious adverse effects is not presently
known.
Units of Measure Used
• Macronutrients -generally expressed in gram
quantities
– Micronutrients, fatty acids, amino acids - are generally
present and expressed in milligram (mg) or
microgram (mcg or mg) quantities.
– Dietary supplements must provide a “% Daily Value”
for each nutrient listed
– The amounts of vitamins A, D, and E are expressed
on supplement labels as international units (IUs),
similar in size to a mg.
Precautions on Supplement Use
• Vitamin A (present only as retinol) should
be less than 100% of the DV as it has the
potential for excess dosage.*
– beta-Carotene is contraindicated in smokers.
– Calcium should be taken throughout the day
for best absorption.*
– People are more likely to consume excessive
amounts of the following nutrients from
supplements and fortified foods combined:
– Vitamin A & D, Iron, and Zinc
Non nutrient Aids
– Creatine is synthesized naturally in the human body
from the amino acids methionine, glycine, and
arginine. Supplementation with creatine can increase
muscle creatine levels and may enhance certain
types of brief high-intensity efforts
– Caffeine may be the most widely used drug in the
world, oftentimes consumed in coffee, tea, cocoa, and
other beverages with added caffeine
– Most carefully controlled studies have demonstrated
ergogenic effects from caffeine, especially endurance
events
Banned Stimulants
• Prohormones- A variety of dietary
supplements with hormone precursors
have been used to promote building of
strength and muscle mass.
• Androgenic Anabolic Steroids-Drugs
designed to mimic the effects of
testosterone
Hypertrophy, Recovery, and
Performance
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Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAA)
– Recovery
– Energy substrate
– Inhibits catabolism
Liquid Meals
– Recovery
– Timing and percentages
Creatine
– Hypertrophy and performance
– Energy substrates
– Volumizer
– Lactate buffer
Caffeine
– Performance
– Glycogen sparing
Hypertrophy, Recovery, and
Performance
• Inhibits exercise-induced damage
– Net protein synthesis
• Supplies high concentrations of nutrients
that have the potential to maximize the
physiologic environment
– Increases work capacity
– Enhances nutrient availability
– Replenishes energy substrates
Summary
• Vitamins and minerals are essential
components of food and are required in
very small amounts by the body.
• Almost anything not classified as a drug
can be sold as a dietary supplement.
• Proper precautions and guidelines should
be followed for supplement intake.