Transcript Ch. 2: “Chemistry of Life”

Ch. 2: “Chemistry of Life”
Vocabulary Review
Matching
1. ion
c. atom or molecule that has lost
or gained one or more
electrons
2. atom
a. smallest unit of matter that
cannot be broken down by
chemical means
3. compound
b. a substance made of the joined
atoms of two or more different
elements
4. amino acids
g. building blocks of protein
5. covalent bond
f. chemical bond in which
electrons are shared
6. ionic bond
h. attraction between oppositely
charged ions
7. element
d. a substance made of only one
type of atom
8. solution
e. one substance evenly
distributed in another
Fill in the Blank
9. A(n) ___ is a substance on which an enzyme
acts during a chemical reaction.
• substrate
10. An organic compound with a ratio of one
carbon atom to two hydrogen atoms to one
oxygen atom is a(n) ___.
• carbohydrate
11. Glucose is a(n) ___ that is a major source of
energy in cells.
• monosaccharide
Fill in the Blank
12. A(n) ___ is an organic compound that is not
soluble in water.
• lipid
13. A(n) ___ is a long chain of amino acids.
• protein
14. Subunits of DNA and RNA are called ___ .
• nucleotides
15. DNA is a(n) ___ that encodes protein
sequences.
• nucleic acid
Explain the Difference
16. acid, base
• Acids are compounds that form hydrogen ions
when dissolved in water.
• Bases are compounds that reduce the
concentration of hydrogen ions when dissolved
in water.
17. cohesion, adhesion
• Cohesion is an attraction between substances of
the same kind.
• Adhesion is an attraction between different
substances.
Explain the Difference
18. enzyme, active site
• An enzyme is a substance that speeds up
chemical reactions.
• An active site is the location on an enzyme that
binds to a substrate.
19. energy, activation energy
• Energy is the ability to move or change matter.
• Activation energy is the energy needed to start a
chemical reaction.
Explain the Difference
20. DNA, RNA
• DNA is a nucleic acid that stores hereditary
information used to make proteins.
• RNA is a nucleic acid that is involved in protein
synthesis.
21. ATP, carbohydrate
• ATP is an organic molecule that acts as the main
energy currency of cells.
• Carbohydrates are organic molecules that act as
a source of energy in cells.