Transcript Revision - Exercise Phys

Responses to Exercise
Using your notes, bullet point the following tables:
Acute (Short Term)
Chronic (Long Term)
Energy Systems
What are energy systems for?
What energy systems are there?
What is ATP?
ATP is stored in the………….
Summary of Energy Systems
ATP-CP System
Lactic Acid System
Aerobic System
Anaerobic
Very rapid
Chemical: CP
Anaerobic
Rapid
Food: glycogen
Very limited ATP
Muscular stores
limited
Explosive, sprint
100m
Limited ATP
Lactic Acid causes
fatigue
1 to 3 min duration
400m
Aerobic
Slow
Food: CHO, Fat,
Protein
Unlimited ATP
No fatiguing
by-products
Endurance
Mararthon
ENERGY SYSTEMS
Energy for muscular activity and other biological
work comes from the breakdown of adenosine
triphosphate (ATP). ATP loses one phosphate
molecule and breaks down to Adenosine
diphosphate. Since the store for A TP is limited,
the body must regenerate its ATP as quickly as it
is broken down. This regeneration connects the
ADP and Pi together again to create ATP once
more. This regenerating of ATP is done by the
breakdown of fuel reserves.
There are three energy systems for this
1. ATP-PC system
2. Lactic acid system
3. Oxygen (or aerobic ) system
The ATP-CP System
The ATP- PC system uses a chemical
fuel reserve, Creatine Phosphate, which
is stored in the muscle. This process is
anaerobic meaning it does not require the
use of oxygen for it to work.
The supply of CP is limited and can only
be used effectively for 10 seconds. When
sufficient oxygen is available CP is
regenerated ready to use again if needed.
The Lactic Acid System
The lactic acid system uses the anaerobic
breakdown of glycogen. Glycogen is in the form
that carbohydrate is stored in the body (in the
liver and in muscles). This process does not
require oxygen. From the gycogen break down
the end result of this is pyruvic acid. At this
stage the pyruvic can follow two courses of
action. In the first if insufficient oxygen is
available for further breakdown the pyruvic acid
becomes lactic acid and is stored until sufficient
oxygen is present and it then becomes pyruvic
acid again and begins its aerobic breakdown.
The Aerobic System
The Aerobic system produces its energy
by utilising oxygen. It is performed
through a series of chemical reactions
known as the Krebs Cycle. Here we have
the continued breakdown of glycogen from
when it becomes pyruvic acid and enters
the mitochondria. Fats (and in extreme
circumstances proteins) are also broken
down here as they can only be broken
down aerobically. The results are the
regeneration of ATP molecules and the
production of by-products - water and
carbon dioxide.
THINGS TO THINK ABOUT:
Q. What makes it difficult to sprint as
fast as you can for more than one
minute? Write a detailed answer in
paragraph form.