cellular respiration
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Transcript cellular respiration
Cellular
Respiration:
• Overall Equation: (reverse of photo)
Glucose + Oxygen Water + CO2 + ATP
•Takes place in the mitochondria.
•The process by which glucose in our
food is “burned” to release usable energy
in the form of ATP molecules.
2 Types
Anaerobic – requires no oxygen (occurs in some
bacteria and yeast)
Aerobic – does require oxygen (occurs in us and most
other organisms); much more energy efficient
Stage 1:
(a).GLYCOLYSIS (“splitting of sugar”)
Occurs in the cytoplasm and does NOT require oxygen
(b).Glucose is split into (c) 2 pyruvic acids (3-carbon
sugars)
(d)NAD+ picks up electrons to become (e)NADH
It takes (f) 2 ATP’s to start this and (g) 4 ATP’s are
produced, giving a net gain of 2 ATP’s during
glycolysis!
Now, if NO oxygen is avail…
(h)Anaerobic Respiration occurs…known as
(i)Fermentation!
Pyruvic acid is converted to either:
A. (j)ethyl alcohol & CO2 (yeast for ex.) – important
in industry for breads/alcoholic beverages
OR
B. (k)lactic acid – (human muscle cells) – causes
cramping when you run out of O2
If oxygen is avail….
(L)AEROBIC respiration occurs inside the
(m)MITOCHONDRIA!!
Much more energy efficient than fermentation.
Pyruvic acid will be converted through 2 more steps
after glycolysis!
Changed into Acetyl-CoA before entering the
mitochondria
Stage 2:
(n)Kreb’s Cycle or Citric Acid Cycle – (much like the
Calvin cycle of photosynthesis instead of building
glucose, we are breaking it down!)
2 molecules of (o)CO2 are produced with every turn
and (p)ADP is turned into (q)ATP and energized
electrons are produced that are picked up by NAD &
FAD to be carried on to stage 3….
Stage 3:
(r)Electron Transport Chain: much like the one in
photosynthesis, electrons are passed along like a hot
potato or a football down the field, releasing energy at
each step….(s)32 ATP molecules are formed during
this step alone!!!!
Oxygen is necessary because it waits at “the end of the
field” for the electrons (“football”) to be passed to it
and forms the (t)water that is produced during
respiration!
http://www.pearsonsuccessnet.com
Summary
Total ATP’s formed:
Anaerobic
vs.
Aerobic
2
during glycolysis
2
n/a
Kreb’s Cycle
2
n/a
Electron Transport
32
____________________________________________
(u)2
TOTAL ATP’s
(v)36