Transcript The Italian Renaissance

The Italian
Renaissance
Renewed interest in
Roman literature and life
14:57
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“
It is therefore Vanity to seek
after perishing riches. It is also
vanity to seek honors. It is
vanity to mind this present life,
and not those things which are
to come.
Thomas a’ Kempis
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“
It is true that men who
have labored with some
show of excellence have
already given knowledge of
themselves to this world: and
this alone ought to suffice
them:
“I
mean the fact that they
have proved their manhood
and achieved renown. Yet
one must need lives like
others: and so in work like
this there will always be
found occasion for natural
bragging, which is of diverse
kinds
The Renaissance
The
Ruins of the Roman
Empire dotted the
countryside of Italy
Italy was in contact with the
Byzantines who preserved
the culture of Greece
The Renaissance
Florence,
Rome, Venice,
Milan, and Naples were rich
cities do to trade
Lorenzo Medici in Florence
was an example of the
people who lived in the cities
Humanities
Italian
Scholars studied
classical Literature
They studied grammar,
rhetoric, history poetry
–These were called the
humanities
Humanities
They
developed a critical
way of thinking
They viewed existence not
only as a preparation for life
after death but also a joy in it
self.
Writers
Niccolo
Machiavelli of
Florence
1513 wrote the essay “The
Prince”
–Wrote about how government
actually worked
5:00
Writers
The
end justifies the means
“safer to be feared then
loved”
Machiavellian-- to describe
someone who uses deceit to
get what they want.
Artists
Medieval
paintings stressed
the world beyond everyday
life
Renaissance stressed
realism
Artists
Leonardo
Da Vinci-- He was
an artist, musician, architect,
mathematician, and scientist
Mona Lisa and the Last
Supper
1:55
1:32
Artists
Michelangelo--
Painter,
sculpture and architect
–Helped design St. Peters
Basilica
4:13
2:49
The Northern
Renaissance
The spread of Ideas into
the rest of Europe
Printing
Chinese
discovered how to
print
They passed it on to the
Arabs
The Arabs passed it on to
the Europeans in 1440
Printing
Johann
Gutenberg of
Germany was the first
European to use movable
type to print
He printed a copy of the
bible
4:17
Printing
Thomas
Moore printed a
book called Utopia.
–Everybody would be equal
–No greed
–There would be no need for
police
English Literature
William
Shakespeare-Wrote plays about people
who grappled with the same
questions that humanists
were asking.
He had the ability to portray
feelings
Northern Artists
Artists
of Flanders perfected
the art of painting in oils and
on canvas
They used their works to
criticize what was going on
around them
Northern Artists
Portrait
painting became
popular
This reflected the interest in
the individual
Reformation
Review
3:52
Printing
Johann
Gutenberg of
Germany was the first
European to use movable
type to print
He printed a copy of the
bible
The Lutheran Church
Martin
Luther -- a Catholic
monk -- started the Reformation
in 1517 when he published his
“95 Theses” criticizing Catholic
teachings.
7:48
The Lutheran Church
Luther’s
basic beliefs:
– the selling of “indulgences” is
wrong
–Christians find salvation
through faith alone
–reading the Bible is good
95 Theses
45.
Christians are to be taught
that he who sees a man in
need, and passes him by, and
gives [his money] for pardons,
purchases not the indulgences
of the pope, but the indignation
{Anger}of God.
95 Theses
48.
Christians are to be taught
that the pope, in granting
pardons, needs, and therefore
desires, their devout prayer for
him more than the money they
bring.
95 Theses
94.
Christians are to be
exhorted that they be diligent in
following Christ, their Head,
through penalties, deaths, and
hell;
95 Theses
95. And
thus be confident of
entering into heaven rather
through many tribulations,
than through the assurance
of peace.
"Unless
I am convinced by
Scripture and plain reason - I do
not accept the authority of the
popes and councils, for they have
contradicted each other - my
conscience is captive to the Word
of God. I cannot and I will not
recant anything for to go against
conscience is neither right nor
safe. God help me. Amen."
John Calvin
A reformer
in Switzerland
Completed a clear set of beliefs
called the Institutes of Christian
Religion
Believed in Predestination
The city where they settled became
a theocracy
John Calvin
The CounterReformation
The
term Counter-Reformation
denotes the period of Catholic
revival from the pontificate of
Pope Plus IV in 1560 to the
close of the Thirty Years' War,
1648.
2:16
The Council of Trent
Time Line
What
invention played an
important role in the
development of the Protestant
Reformation?
How does the time line prove
this?
Give a time frame of the
Protestant Reformation?
The Spread of the
Reformation
How
has Protestantism spread
in Europe?
Explain why England has it’s
own Religion, different than any
other place.
The Spread of the
Reformation
Next
to each country name the
established religion in the 1500’s
England
France
Sweden
Russia
2:39
Key Terms
TheocracyPredestinationHeresyIndulgencesExcommunication-
Scientific
Revolution
Modern Science
2:03
Scientific
Revolution
The
Belief in magic helped
create the revolution which
led to modern science
People wanted to discover
the secrets of nature
Scientific
Revolution
Alchemists
used spells and
magic formulas to try to
change lead into gold.
They wanted to find out why
stones fell
Experiments and
Mathematics
People
of the 1500’s began
to question traditional
thought
Doubt became very
important
–Nothing was to be believed
until it could be proved
Experiments and
Mathematics
They
used mathematics to
verify the results of their
experiments
This was called scientific
method
Astronomy, Physics,
and Anatomy
Astronomy--
The study of
stars and the planets
–for centuries people believed
that the earth was the center
of the universe-- Geocentric
A,P,A
In
1500 Copernicus argued
that the Earth rotated around
the Sun-- Heliocentric
–He could not prove his
thoughts
–100 years later Kepler and
Galileo did
A,P,A
Kepler--
proved that
Copernicus was right by
using mathematics
Galileo-- made a telescope-this proved to everybody that
the earth moves
People still did not believe
Triumph of Science
Isaac
Newton-- Describe
Gravity and how it keeps the
universe in place
Trade
Increases of Europe
Trade Routes
Eventually
trade routes
started to developed in Italy
Trade developed in Italy for
2 reasons
–Geography
–Not effected by decline
Trade Routes
They
became the go
between from Asia to Europe
They traded:
–Spices, Medicine, Perfumes,
Dyes, Gems
–Silk, Cotton, Linen, Gold,
Silver
Markets and Fairs
As
trade grew merchants
needed a place to exchange
goods
They started to have special
days where the merchants
would sell their goods
Markets and Fairs
The
nobles started to hold
fairs on these days
They would charge the
merchants a tax to sell their
goods at the fair
Markets and Fairs
At
Champagne in Northern
France they held the most
important fairs, lasting four to
seven weeks
–This became the central
marketplace for all of Europe
Markets and Fairs
Barter
Economy-- Goods are
exchanged for other goods
and services without the use
of money
The price of Items had to be
fixed
Markets and Fairs
Fairs
were important to the
development of the people.
It got people to look outside
of their own town.
Entertainers were popular at
the fairs
Manufacturing
Banking
Investment
Manufacturing
trade
grew out of
M, B, I
Domestic
System-Manufacturing took place in
the workers home rather
than in a shop.
The person who owned the
material will pick up the final
product
M, B, I
Banking
also developed at
this time
Banking started with money
makers
–Loaning money became very
important-- It was done by
Jewish people
M, B, I
Capital--
wealth which is
earned, saved and invested
These factors formed the
base for a market economy