Transcript 8.5 Translation - Cloudfront.net

8.5 Translation
•Set up Cornell Notes on
pg. 7
•Topic: 8.5 Translation
•Essential Question:
1. Explain the connection
between a codon and
an amino acid.
2. Suppose a tRNA
molecule had the
anticodon AGU. What
amino acid would it
carry?
8.5 Translation
2.1 Atoms, Ions,
and Molecules
1. Explain the connection between a
codon and an amino acid.
2. Suppose a tRNA molecule had the
anticodon AGU. What amino acid
would it carry?
KEY CONCEPT
Translation converts an
mRNA message into a
polypeptide, or protein.
8.5 Translation
p.6
8.5 Translation
KEY CONCEPT
Translation converts an mRNA message into a
polypeptide, or protein.
8.4 Transcription
REVIEW:
• Transcription makes three types of RNA.
– Messenger RNA (mRNA) which was transcribed from
DNA, carries the message that will be translated to
form a protein.
– Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) forms part of ribosomes where
proteins are made.
– Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids from the
cytoplasm to a ribosome.
8.4 Transcription
What do you think of when you hear the word
translation?
• We usually think of
translating one language into
another
• Hello=Hola in Spanish
• Are the “words” exactly the
same?
• But, do they mean the same
thing? Do they have the
same message?
8.5 Translation
• Translation is a process that converts a message from
one “language” into another.
Hey, I know a joke! A squirrel walks up to a
tree and says, "I forgot to store acorns for the
winter and now I am dead." Ha! It is funny
because the squirrel gets dead.
8.5 Translation
• Translation converts mRNA messages into polypeptides
which make
proteins.
– mRNA can be translated into 20 different amino acids
8.5 Translation
• How can just four nucleotides (A, U, C, and G) be
translated into so many different amino acids?
• The same way 26 letters of the alphabet can be
translated into so many words.
– ape
– pea
The four letters of RNA are put together in
different combinations to form many different
“words”
–A
U
C
G
8.5 Translation
These “words” are called codons
• A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides that codes
for an amino acid.
codon for
methionine (Met)
codon for
leucine (Leu)
Please draw and label this picture (top of pg. 6)
8.5 Translation
Separate this frame into “codons”:
THECATATETHERAT
SISATETHEPIE
HISDOGWASHOT
HERFATCATSAT
8.5 Translation
Separate this frame into “codons”:
THECATATETHERAT
THE CAT ATE THE RAT
SISATETHEPIE
SIS ATE THE PIE
HISDOGWASHOT
HIS DOG WAS HOT
HERFATCATSAT
HER FAT
CAT SAT
8.5 Translation
– The Start codon codes for the
start of a gene segment
– AUG
– Three stop codons code for the
end of a gene segment
»UAG
»UAA
»UGA
8.5 Translation
.
• The genetic code
matches each codon to its amino acid or
function.
•1st two
nucleotides
are the
most
important
8.5 Translation
Tell me what these genetic codes code for (middle pg. 6)
Codon
Amino Acid
1. GCC
2. AAA
3. AGC
4. UAG
5. AUA
6. AAU
7. GCA
8. CCG
9. UCA
10. AGG
8.5 Translation
1. GCC- Alanine (Ala)
2. AAA- Lysine (Lys)
3. AGC- Serine (Ser)
4. UAG- stop codon
5. AUA- Isoleucine (Iso)
6. AAU- Asparagine (Asp)
7. GCA- Alanine (Ala)
8. CCG- Proline (Pro)
9. UCA- Serine (Ser)
10. AGG- Arginine (Arg)
8.5 Translation
• A change in the order in which codons are read
changes the resulting protein.
Please use your
genetic code
sheet to identify
the amino acid
for each codon
Draw/Label
each reading
frame on the
bottom of p. 6
8.5 Translation
• A change in the order in which codons are read changes
the resulting protein.
8.5 Translation
RANTHEFATCATSATONAHATHISSISWASMAD
RANTHEFATCATSATONAHATHISSISWA
RANTHEFATCATSATONAHATHISSISWA
8.5 Translation
• Regardless of the organism, codons code for the same
amino acid.
8.5 Translation
• An anticodon is a set of three nucleotides that is
complementary to an mRNA codon.
Anticodon: AUG
Codon: UAC
– carried by a tRNA (transfer RNA).
8.5 Translation
Codon to Anticodon practice (mRNA  tRNA)
mRNA
Codon
AUG GUA AAA UUU AAU GGC UAG
tRNA
Anti-codon
UAC CAU UUU AAA UUA CCG AUC
8.5 Translation
Update Notebook
1: Double-helix coloring sheet
2: Replication pictures/replication practice
4:Transcription pictures
6: Genetic Code
8.5 Translation
• Ribosomes consist of two subunits.
– The large subunit has three binding sites for tRNA.
– The small subunit binds to mRNA.
8.5 Translation
8.5 Translation
Protein Synthesis Video
• Transcription 2m 50s
• Translation 4m 47s
8.5 Translation
Classwork (246-247)
• Using p. 246-247 please take notes of what is happening
in each part of translation
• NOTICE there are edited versions of the pictures on
your hand out, you will need to READ each step and
closely analyze your picture in order to correctly
establish what is happening in each picture
• You will need 3 colors to color and make a key
– Color 1- mRNA w/ codon
– Color 2- tRNA (body/anticodon)
– Color 3- Amino Acids
8.5 Translation
Get 3 colors
• Color 1- mRNA w/codons
• Color 2- tRNA (body/anticodon)
• Color 3- Amino Acid
8.5 Translation
1. tRNA binds to a start codon (AUG) and signals the
ribosome to assemble.
Amino
acid
AUG
Start
codon
8.5 Translation
2. A complementary tRNA anticodon binds to the exposed
codon
8.5 Translation
3. The ribosome helps form a polypeptide bond between
the amino acids.
– The ribosome pulls the mRNA strand the length of
one codon.
8.5 Translation
4. The now empty tRNA molecule exits the ribosome.
– A complementary tRNA molecule binds to the
next exposed codon.
8.5 Translation
5. This continues until a stop codon is reached (UAG,
UAA, or UGA)
-The ribosome releases the completed polypeptide
chain, now a protein, and disassembles.
Finished
PROTEIN
8.5 Translation
Protein Synthesis: Comparison of Primate DNA
1. Below each DNA sequence TRANSCRIBE the DNA strand
into its complementary mRNA strand
2. Highlight each base that is different in comparison to the
human’s DNA
Ex: DNA: Human TTT
DNA: Gorilla TTA
3. Using each of the completed mRNA strands from above, use
your genetic code sheet to TRANSLATE each mRNA codon
into its amino acid
4. Highlight each amino acid that is different in comparison to
our human amino acids
Ex: Protein: Human Asp.
Protein: Gorilla Lys.
8.5 Translation
•Set up Cornell Notes on
pg. 9
•Topic: 8.4-5 Protein
Synthesis
•Essential Question:
1. NO EQ
8.4-5
Protein Synthesis
2.1 Atoms,
Ions,
and Molecules
8.5 Translation
Notebook Check due Friday
1:
DNA Double Helix Coloring (10)
2:
EQ/Review ?s (1-3)/DNA molecule pic/Replication pictures (20)
3:
8.3 Notes/?s (15)
4:
EQ/EQ/Central Dogma pic/ DNA vs. RNA/ Replication vs. Transcription Dub
Bub/ Transcription pictures (30)
5:
8.4 Notes/ ?s (15)
EQ/EQ/ Codon pic/ Codon translation (1-10)/ Reading frame pics/ Genetic Code/ Translation
pictures (30)
7:
8.5 Notes/ ?s (15)
8:
Protein Synthesis: Comparison of Primate DNA (30)
9:
Protein Synthesis in a “nutshell”/ Protein Synthesis ?s (10)
10
11
Total
EQ/P2P/Point and Frameshift mutation pics (10)
8.7 Notes/?s (15)
/200
8.5 Translation
• P.9
Protein
Synthesis in a Nutshell
8.5
Translation
Replication
DNA
AA G
A C G
(Top ½ p. 9)
T A G
DNA
______
______
(transcribe this piece)
Transcription
mRNA ______
______
_______
_______
codons
(translate this piece)
Translation
___
tRNA
______
___
___
______
_______
anticodon
Amino Acids
Finished Product:____________!!!!!!
Protein
Synthesis in a Nutshell
8.5
Translation
Replication
DNA
AA G
A C G
T T C ______
T G C
______
(transcribe this piece)
Transcription
AA G
A C G
mRNA ______
______
codons
Translation
DNA
tRNA
Lys
Thr
U
U C
______
UG C
______
T A G
A T C
_______
UA G
_______
Stop
AU C
_______
anticodon
A Protein
Finished Product:____________!!!!!!
Amino Acids
8.5 Translation
Transcription
8.5 Translation
Translation
8.5 Translation
Protein Synthesis Lab
In Pairs…
1. Get a DNA “Code #” from Mrs. M
2. Go to the Nucleus
• Write down the DNA strand
• Transcribe DNA into an mRNA strand
3. Go to the Ribosome (Rough E.R.)
• Write the tRNA anticodons
• Flip over anticodon cards to reveal secret message
4. Show Mrs. M
• Get a new code
Goal: At least 5 proteins synthesized (front of one side complete)
Each extra= EXTRA CREDIT
8.5 Translation
1. Explain the connection between a codon and an amino acid.
2. Compare the process of translation to translating Spanish into English.
3. Compare Start and Stop codons to the beginning and end of a sentence.
4. What is an anticodon?
For # 1-10- use the amino acid chart on pg. 244 to find which amino acids would
be encoded by the mRNA codes below:
1. GCC
2. AAA
3. AGC
4. UAG
5. AUA
6. AAU
7. GCA
8. CCG
9. UCA
10. AGG
Bottom of
p.9
8.5 Translation
1. Explain the connection between a codon and an amino acid.
A codon is a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid.
1. Compare the process of translation to translating Spanish into English.
Just as we could translate English into Spanish, cells can translate an RNA message into
amino acids, to build proteins.
1. Compare Start and Stop codons to the beginning and end of a sentence.
A start codon (like the first word in a sentence) codes for the start of translation and the
start of an amino acid chain, the stop codon codes for the end of the amino acid chain
(like the period at the end of a sentence).
1. What is an anticodon?
A set of three nucleotides that is complementary to an mRNA codon.
1. GCC- alanine
2. AAA- Lysine
3. AGC- Serine
4. UAG- stop codon
5. AUA- Isoleucine
6. AAU- Asparagine
7. GCA- Alanine
8. CCG- Proline
9. UCA- Serine
10. AGG- Arginine