Transcript The Renaissance

Time of Rebirth (1300-1600)
Renaissance
Medici
Galileo
Regent
Absolute Rule
Patrons
Vernacular
Donatello
Dante
Michelangelo
Canterbury Tales
Raphael
Humanism
Leonardo da Vinci
Individualism
Lucrezia Borgia
THE 7 ASPECTS OF THE
RENAISSANCE- Trade, Classicism,
Questioning Spirit, Intellectual and Artistic
Creativity, Secularism, Humanism,
Individualism.
Classicism
Petrarch
Erasmus
Cervantes
Gutenberg
Copernicus
Machiavelli
Beginnings of the Renaissance
• A Renaissance is a “Rebirth”
• The Renaissance began in wealthy northern
Italian trade centers like Venice and Florence
where contact with Byzantine and Moslem
Empires flourished.
• It was the period that followed (brought Europe out
of) the Middle Ages. It was a time of renewed interest
in things of this world.
-Human beings and their conditions (emotional and
physical).
-Education, art, literature, and science
Trade:
Created a wealthy class
who became patrons
of the arts.
Merchants & the Medici
• The Medici family of
Florence become wealthy
from banking, wool
manufacturing, mining, trade
and other ventures.
• 3 Popes and several regent
monarchs.
• The Medici family became
patrons of the arts.
Michelangelo was among the
artists who benefited from
Medici patronage.
The most important Italian city-state was
Florence; In this wealthy trade city, the
Renaissance began
Florence was home to
the Medici family, the
wealthiest & most
powerful bankers in
The Medici used their
wealth to
commission art for
themselves &
Florence under the Medici
Lorenzo
Cosimo
Guiliano
Medici
Chapel
The Medici
paid tocommissioned
build a massivethis
Lorenzo
de Medici
painting
from
domed
for Florence
Botticelli
of the Medici
brothers as the three magi
The cathedral
Medici
Palace
New styles & techniques of Renaissance art
• Realism & emotion
• Classicism: inspiration from Greece & Rome
• Emphasis on individuals & interaction between
people
• Geometric
arrangements
• Perspective
• Using light & shadows
Renaissance
Artists
Donatello
• Donatello was the 1st great
sculptor of the Renaissance
– Donatello revived the
classical (Greco-Roman)
style of sculpture that were
realistic & could be
viewed from all sides.
– Donatello’s “David” was
the 1st large, free-standing
human sculpture of the
Renaissance.
Michelangelo
• Michelangelo was one
of the most famous
Renaissance artists:
– He was a painter,
sculptor, architect,
& poet.
– His sculptures &
paintings showed
realism, detail of
the human body, &
expression to show
personality & emotion.
Michelangelo sculptures “Pieta”& “David”
are considered masterpieces
Michelangelo’s
greatest work is
the 130 ft x 44 ft
ceiling of the
Sistine Chapel
which shows
Biblical images
of amazing
detail, power, &
beauty
Sistine Chapel- Creation of Adam
Leonardo da Vinci
• Leonardo da Vinci was a
true “Renaissance Man”
– He was a painter &
sculptor whose art was
known for incredible
realism & emotion
– He was also an inventor
& scientist whose sketches
reveal observations about
human anatomy & new
engineering technology
His “Last Supper” shows Jesus’ last meeting with
the 12 apostles before the crucifixion; the facial
expressions, detail, emotion made it a masterpiece
Leonardo da Vinci’s
greatest masterpiece
was the “Mona Lisa”
which was known for
its emotion & depth
Leonardo’s Inventions
More of Davinci’s Invention
http://www.da-vinci-inventions.com/revolving-bridge.aspx
Raphael
• Raphael “perfected”
Renaissance painting
– He improved perspective
and realism by studying
Leonardo & Michelangelo
– Raphael became the favorite
painter of the Pope because
of his amazing detailed
paintings showing
a combination of famous
Greeks & Romans along
with Renaissance people
Raphael’s greatest painting was “School of Athens”
which blended Classical figures from Greece & Rome
with important people from the Renaissance
Plato (drawn to
look like Da Vinci)
Aristotle
Raphael
Pythagoras
Michelangelo
Euclid
Raphael’s
“Betrothal
of the Virgin”
Filippo Brunelleschi
• Brunelleschi was Florence’s greatest architect:
– He studied the Roman Pantheon when he
built the Cuppolo of Maria del Fiore
cathedral in Florence
– The dome inspired modern building designs.
Dome Comparisons
Il Duomo, Florence
US Capital,
St. Paul’s,
Peter’s,London
Rome
St.
Washington,
D.C.
Medici Murder Mystery CSI
Simulation
The
Northern
Renaissance
As these ideas spread,
this “Northern
Renaissance” developed
its own characteristics
The Renaissance spread from Italy as scholars &
merchants from other areas visited Italian city-
The Renaissance in
France was most
known for its unique
architecture
The Renaissance in
England was most
known for literature,
especially the plays of
William Shakespeare
The Renaissance in the Netherlands
was most known for realism in art
Wedding Portrait by Jan Van
Guess if the following
pieces of art (A-J) are:
Renaissance
or
Medieval
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
Lifestyle
• Shops and business
were on ground
floors, while there
was crowded living
above.
• Garbage was thrown
out onto the street.
• Wealthy people had
large homes, but
little privacy,
servants slept on
floor.
Lucrezia Borgia (1480-1519)
• Lucrezia Borgia was a
famous Renaissance woman.
• Her father was Pope
Alexander VI. Her second
husband was Alfonso d’Este.
• She was a generous patron of
the arts and mother of 7
children.
Trade:
Created a wealthy class
who became patrons
of the arts.
Classicism:
Revival of Greek & Roman
achievements & writings.
Classicism
• Classicism-Renewed interest
in Greek and Roman culture
and values.
• Note the idealized figure and
accurate proportions.
Trade:
Created a wealthy class
who became patrons
of the arts.
Classicism:
Revival of Greek & Roman
achievements & writings.
Questioning
Spirit
Questioning Spirit
• Francesco Petrarch (13041374) was a Renaissance
writer and a Florentine
humanist.
• He collected Greek and
Roman writings, like the
poetry of Virgil and Homer
and wrote secular (not
religious) poetry about love
and life in the here and now,
not just in the afterlife.
Questioning Spirit
• Writers and thinkers began
to criticize the “old” ways.
• Erasmus wrote “Praise of
Folly” which ridiculed the
church, corrupt officials,
and Clergy.
• Cervantes wrote “Don
Quixote” which poked fun
at chivalry and the culture
of Medieval Europe.
Trade:
Created a wealthy class
who became patrons
of the arts.
Classicism:
Revival of Greek & Roman
achievements & writings.
Questioning
Spirit
Intellectual &
Artistic Creativity
Intellectual & Creativity
• Johannes Gutenberg
invented the moveable type
printing press, making
written materials available
to multitudes.
Intellectual & Creativity
Intellectual & Creativity
Intellectual & Creativity
• Nicholas
Copernicus wrote
that the earth
rotates around the
sun.
• Gallileo created an
Improved telescope
and supported this
idea.
Intellectual & Creativity
• Nicolo Machiavelli wrote
“The Prince” in which he
advised Monarchs to
concentrate power (absolute
rule).
• “The end justifies the
means”
• One should do good if
possible, but do evil when
necessary.
• Machiavelli’s ideas have
been used to justify abusive
use of power.
Intellectual & Creativity
• Boticelli
• Notice the use of point
perspective and
dimension to draw the
viewer into the painting.
Trade:
Created a wealthy class
who became patrons
of the arts.
Classicism:
Revival of Greek & Roman
achievements & writings.
Questioning
Spirit
Secularism:
Other than religion.
Intellectual &
Artistic Creativity
Secularism
• Writers began writing in
vernacular ( whatever the
locally spoken language is-instead of Latin.
• Dante Alighieri wrote “The
Divine Comedy” in Italian,
telling the epic journey
through hell.
• Chaucer wrote “Canterbury
Tales” in English, telling
tales of Medieval life.
Trade:
Created a wealthy class
who became patrons
of the arts.
Classicism:
Revival of Greek & Roman
achievements & writings.
Humanism:
Glorification of people
& human reason.
Secularism:
Other than religion.
Questioning
Spirit
Intellectual &
Artistic Creativity
Humanism
• The detail of
Raphael’s Sistine
Madonna shows
Humanism.
• The characters look
like real people with
individual
differences, muscle
tone. You can see
their humanity.
• Emotion seems to be
depicted through the
eyes.
Humanism
• In Leonardo Da Vinci’s Last Supper each figure is distinguishable.
Trade:
Created a wealthy class
who became patrons
of the arts.
Individualism:
Emphasis on the importance
of the individual and achievements.
Humanism:
Glorification of people
& human reason.
Secularism:
Other than religion.
Classicism:
Revival of Greek & Roman
achievements & writings.
Questioning
Spirit
Intellectual &
Artistic Creativity
Individualism
• Compare the Byzantine mosaic figures on the first slide
to Renaissance figures on the second slide.
Individualism
Individualism
The sculpture on the left is an ancient Greek statue of
Neptune. The one on the right is from the Middle Ages.
Write a short paragraph comparing the two works of art.
Now compare the same ancient Greek statue to
Michelangelo’s sculpture of Moses from the Renaissance.
What do you notice?
How does the medieval Notre
Dame Cathedral compare to the
Renaissance St. Peter’s Basilica?