Transcript 2015

APARNA NATARAJAN
NICOLE SALAZAR
FABIO GUNDERSON
Help & Directions
Hi ! Welcome to the Lost Library!
Before you begin your journey,
read these directions carefully and
thoroughly. But don’t worry, if you
ever forget, just click
to get
back to this page !
The Renaissance was one of the most influential time periods in history, and in this
alternate universe, all of the original works from the period have been lost ! You have
just discovered the lost library, containing information about the iconic works of the
Renaissance ! It’s your job to discover more about the works of da Vinci, Shakespeare,
and more artists that our modern world has forgotten ! Go to the library to find the
directory!
Go to library…
You’ve found the library directory ! You can use the
directory to look for books to find out more about the
art, literature, and architecture of the Renaissance !
Adding to inventory…
Open Directory
Library Directory
BACK TO THE LIBRARY !
Books about Paintings
La Primavera - Sandro Botticelli…
…Book 1482
Virgin Of The Rocks - Leonardo da Vinci…
…Book 1486
The Flagellation of Christ - Piero della Francesca…
…Book 1455
Self Portrait - Albrecht Durer…
…Book 1500
Books about Sculptures
Gates of Paradise - Lorenzo Ghiberti…
…Book 1425
Books about Literature
A Winter's Tale - William Shakespeare…
…Book 1623
The Book of the Courtier - Baldassare Castiglione…
…Book 1528
Books about Architecture
Basilica Di San Pietro…
…Book 1626
Church of San Lorenzo…
…Book 1459
Pazzi Chapel…
…Book 1457
1623
1500
1455
1425
1482
1486
1425
1500
1459
1629
1623
1455
1482
1626
1486
1528
La Primavera
While the meaning is unknown, the
most believed theory is the humanistic one, in
which Venus is separating material values with
spiritual values. It is also believed that Flora,
the woman spreading flowers, is the
personification of spring. In Botticelli’s time,
the people in the painting, looking to be deep
in thought, were considered to be the perfect
representation of human beauty.
La Primavera was painted by
The Renaissance was a period of
Sandro Botticelli for Lorenzo di
rebirth. La Primavera is thought to bring the
Pierfrancesco de’ Medici in Italy between
rebirth of myths to light in the form of classical
the years of 1477 and 1482.
style.
Virgin of the Rocks
The Virgin Of The Rocks was
painted by Leonardo da Vinci and produced
in Milan around 1486 . Its medium was oilbased paint and it was displayed in the
Church of San Francisco Grande.
It depicts the Virgin Mary, Jesus,
John the Baptist, and the angel Uriel. The
religious figures in the painting seem almost
human. They’re lacking connections to
heaven, such as halos. Da Vinci seemed to
want to keep the subjects as earthly as
possible, and focus on how natural they were.
The subjects are painted to look
extremely realistic, and both Jesus and St.
John are depicted as nude. During the
period of the Renaissance, nudity in
paintings was a common theme.
The Flagellation of Christ
The Flagellation of Christ by Piero
della
Francesca remains to be one of the most
intriguing pieces of early Renaissance art. Made
in 1455-1465, this work showcases Francesca
"obsession" with perspective. It is one of the best
examples of perspective, an artistic technique
used by many Renaissance artists, as well as an
example of the oil paint medium. The
58.4 cm x 81.5 cm painting depicts the torture and
flagellation of Christ at the hands of Roman
soldiers.
Look over at the left hand side of the painting,.
(Click on the magnifying glass to get a closer view.)
As you can see, the flagellation, the gory whipping
of Christ before the altar is not the center of the
painting. The setting of this section of the painting
is indoor, in a courtyard with black and white tiled
flooring., in sharp contrast with the real focus- the
three unidentifiable men talking on the right side of
the painting. In the right side, the figures are
painted realistically and are much more prominent
than the figures on the left. The identity of these
three men have been argued by many historians
over the course of history. Today, their "secret
identities" are accepted to be Oddantanio de
Montefeltro, ruler of Urbino, and his two advisors by
his side.
Self Portrait at TwentyEight Years Old
Self Portrait at Twenty-Eight
Years Old was painted by Abrecht Dürer
in 1500 with oil-based paints.
Abrecht Dürer painted various
self portraits at different ages, however,
the one he painted when he was 28 years
old was different from the others. His
other portraits depicted three quarters of
his face due to him being tilted away from
the point of view. In this portrait, he is
facing the point of view. During the
Renaissance, this pose was used for
paintings of Jesus Christ. This decision of
Dürer’s to paint himself in Christ's
position defined himself as a genius and a
living god.
Like most works of art during
this time period, Dürer’s work in Self
Portrait at Twenty-Eight Years Old
challenged religious themes.
Gates of Paradise
The Gates of Paradise (Porta del
Paradiso in Italian) was made by Lorenzo
Ghiberti and was started in 1425 and
completed in 1452. Every wing of the Gates of
Paradise contains five vast rectangular
depictions of scenes from the Old Testament
between statuettes emblems with busts in the
borders. This work contrasts completely from
the conventional medieval techniques of the
Gothic style. The first entryways were restored
ahead of schedule in the 21st century, and they
are currently in the Museo dell'Opera del
Duomo; reproductions embellish the passage to
the baptistery. The traditionally displayed
figures inside of the reliefs are put in scenes or
in perspectivally rendered building design to
recommend a more prominent profundity to the
reliefs than really exists. It shows that
Florentine craftsmen had aced direct point of
view and the established phrase by the mid
fifteenth century.
A Winter's Tale
A Winter's Tale is one of William Shakespeare's
more experimental plays, differing largely from the
classical "unities". The three classical unities are as follows1) the action should take place within a 24 hour time span;
2) the action should take place in one geographical
place/setting; 3) the play should have one main plot and
no sub-plots. It is well known for being a two-part play.
The first part consists of three tragic separate acts set in
Sicily, Italy during the winter months. The latter comedic
part of the play is set during the Bohemian summer. Some
of Shakespeare's influences include the Greek myth of
Pygmalion (which signifies the role humanism played in
the Renaissance) and Robert Greene’s Pandosto, The
Triumph of Time.
A Winter's Tale is mainly about how jealousy can
destroy lives and relationships. In the book, King Leontes
of Sicily begins to believe that his faithful and loving wife,
Hermoine, is infidelitous. Worse, he believes she is having
an affair with his childhood best friend- King Polixenes of
Bohemia, effectively destroying two relationships with
people he holds dear to his heart. He takes Hermione to
court where she is convicted and sent to jail, where she
gives birth to Perdita, who the King refuses to accept. In a
shocking turn of events, Florizel, King Polixenes' son, falls in
love with Perdita. Thankfully, Perdita is proven to be King
Leontes'daughter, and all is well.
The Book of the Courtier
The Book of the Courtier by Baldassare
Castiglione was published in 1528. It was
essentially a guide on etiquette for men and
women in courts during the Renaissance,
Castiglione spent a considerable amount of time
under the tutelage of princes during his youth,
gaining the respect of many politicians and
artists of that time.
Castiglione conveyed his ideal of the
perfect courtier indirectly. In The Book of the
Courtier, he concocted an imaginary
conversation amongst courtiers who discuss the
values and mannerisms the perfect courtier
would have.
The Book of the Courtier was an
international bestseller until the end of the 18th
century. It was translated into French, Spanish,
Dutch, English, German, Polish and Latin. Much
of its content is still relevant today. For example,
the urge to retain power at all costs and the
conflicting views of sticking to your morals. The
book's ideas and theses shall always remain
universal.
Journey into the very heart of Christianity and into
one of greatest architectural achievements of its era.
Take a journey to La Basilica Di San Pietro in the
Vatican.
Click on this picture for written text of the
Basilicas story and its symbolism.
Click on the above picture for audio
version
Visualize the symbolic power of
San Pietro's Basilica. Enjoy seeing
the 3D model come alive before
your eyes.
Basilica Di San Lorenzo
The Basilica Di San Lorenzo is a
milestone architectural achievement
in the renaissance. Its revolutionary
design implemented modern
techniques in the world of
engineering/architecture.
Click on the picture above to
experience the fascinating birth
of this incredible masterpiece in
the written format.
Click on the
picture to the
right to learn
about the story of
San Lorenzo and
how it became a
symbolic
milestone for the
Renaissance, and
explore the
basilica itself.
Pazzi Chapel
The Pazzi Chapel is a historic
masterpiece by Brunelleschi. It
features many different
subjects.
Learn about this symbolic
building and how it connects
to many aspects of the
Renaissance world. (click
picture above)
See through the eyes of a
tourist in Italy, and see
the Pazzi Chapel for
yourself right through
your screen! (click picture
above)
Basilica Di San Lorenzo
Florence, Italy- The basilica di San Lorenzo Is one
of the oldest churches in Italy, dating all the way back
to the 4th century. However during the Renaissance the
building was rebuilt into the magnificent basilica we
know today. Construction started in 1419 and finished in
1459. The church was designed by none other than
Brunelleschi (the architectural genius of the time) and
was financed by the Medici family.
The front section of the Church
was never complete (Brunelleschi died
before the completion of the church's
front). Even though Michelangelo created
a marble design for the front after
Brunelleschi’s death, his design was never implemented.
The Basilica Di San Lorenzo was the parish of the Medici and
many of the family’s important members were buried inside the
Basilica. The church is considered to be a huge milestone for
architecture in the Renaissance. Although the front may look very
dull and boring, the inside of the basilica has a very different
appearance.
The inside has white walls, gray
columns and bright and colorful frescoes.
Yet this is not the reason it was a
revolutionary building. San Lorenzo was
a milestone because of the:
-Use of spherical segments on the side
vaults
-Use of proportions for the height of
columns
-Integrated system of arches, columns,
and entablatures
-aisles of equal proportion to the main
hall
Basilica Di San Pietro
The Basilica is a reminder of the Church's power and wealth in
the 16th and 17th century, and how it dominated the social
landscape for much of medieval history.
Architecture
Vatican City- Saint Peter's Basilica is the largest church in
the world, and the center of the world's largest religion;
Christianity. The enormous structure took over a century to
build, and can house over 60,000 people.
Built from 1506-1626 on top of the old Saint Peter's which
was constructed in the 4th century, the building we see
today took thousands of skilled workers and went through
several architectural plans before its actual finish.
The main design of the building was drawn and thought
out by Michelangelo even if the architect in charge changed
frequently. The Basilica Di San Pietro is one of, if not the
greatest architectural achievements of its era. It covers over
5.7 acres and has a powerful symbolic and holy presence in
the area and across the whole world.
Giacomo della Porta was the head engineer who finalized the
design for the dome. The dome itself measures 120m off the
ground and 42m in diameter. It is one of the largest domes in
the world and only took a mere 22 months to build.
The basilica is also a heritage site. Many people perform a
pilgrimage To this holy site to see the Pope as well as the rest of
the Vatican. The square center of the basilica is outlined by vast
columns that symbolically welcome you
Into the Catholic world. Saint Peter's
Basilica incorporates distinctive
architectural features, such as:
- use of symmetrical shapes
- use of Roman based columns
- use of flat ceilings
Another trait is that Saint Peter's
Basilica's structure easily allowed architects
to keep on adding on top of previous
designs without modifying the basic
structure.
The Pazzi Chapel
This rivalry was so strong that members of the Pazzi family
Florence, Italy- As you first walk into the Chapel you
immediately are struck by the geometric perfection Brunelleschi was
attempting to achieve. The whole of the building is based on a project
plan intended to achieve harmonization of the geometric figures used.
History
Another very important feature of the building typical of the
Renaissance is how Brunelleschi used the classical style (Roman and
Greek). At first walking in you might mistake the Chapel for a Roman
temple, because of the layout and design, Brunelleschi however, did put
his own twist on the design. The building was completed after his death
in 1457. During the Renaissance, it was not uncommon for wealthy
families to show their dominance and wealth through elaborate buildings
and temples. In this case the Pazzi family and the Medici family were
huge rivals.
even tried to murder Lorenzo di Medici.
Architecture
The chapel itself starts off with
an atrium (an entrance hall), which
is characterized by 6 columns supporting an
arch in the center. The hall is dominated by
an umbrella shaped dome. The dome some
what resembles the Pantheon in Rome and it
was reported that Brunelleschi measured “every
inch” of the Pantheon trying to find how to
incorporate its geometric perfection into his
ideas. In this building Brunelleschi took the classical design
of ancient Greek and Roman temple and incorporated perfect
shapes into the design. This was done to achieve harmony
and perfect geometry. Shapes such As; equilateral triangles,
squares were considered perfect shapes. The circle
was considered the shape of god because it has no
beginning or end. In the center of the 2 minor
domes the coat of arms of the Pazzi family appear.
The coat of arms is a pair of Dolphins jumping out
it was made out of glazed terracotta by Luca Della
Robbia.
Credits
You did it !
La Primavera
“Sandro Botticelli.” Encyclopedia of World Biography. Library of Congress, n.d. Web. Oct. 4, 2015
Virgin of the Rocks
“Virgin of the Rocks.” Absolute Astronomy. n.d. Web. Oct. 12, 2015.
The Flagellation of Christ
The Flagellation of Christ. Digital image. Wikimedia. Wikipedia, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2015.
Zapella, Catherine. "Piero Della Francesca's Flagellation of Christ." Khan Academy. Khan Academy, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2015.
Self Portrait
“Dürer, Albrecht.” Web Gallery of Art. n.d. Web. Oct. 12, 2015.
“Divine Inspiration.” The Guardian. n.d. Web. Oct. 12, 2015.
Gates of Paradise
"The Gates of Paradise: Lorenzo Ghiberti's Renaissance Masterpiece.” The Gates of Paradise: Lorenzo Ghiberti's Renaissance Masterpiece. The Art
Institute of Chicago, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2015.
"Gates of Paradise | Work by Ghiberti." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2015.
The Gates of Paradise. Digital image. Brittanica, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2015.
The Gates of Paradise. Digital image. City Arts Online. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2015.
The Gates of Paradise. Digital image. City Arts Online. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2015.
Credits
You did it !
A Winter’s Tale
The Winter's Tale. Digital image. Jersey City FYI. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2015.
Zapella, Catherine. "Piero Della Francesca's Flagellation of Christ." Khan Academy. Khan Academy, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2015.
Zou, James. "The Metamorphoses of Love in The Winter's Tale." 116.1584 (1975): n. pag. Duke University. Duke University. Web. 15 Oct. 2015.
Shakespeare, William. "Winter's Tale: Entire Play." Winter's Tale: Entire Play. MIT, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2015.
Shakespeare, William, and F. E. Pierce. A Winter's Tale. New Haven: Yale UP, 1918. Print.
The Book of the Courtier
The Book of Courtier. Digital image. Hank Whittemore Files. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2015.
"Renaissance Literature: The Courtier: Castiglione." Renaissance
Literature: The Courtier: Castiglione. Newman Library, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2015.
Pazzi Chapel
"Pazzi Chapel | Chapel, Florence, Italy." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 13 Oct. 2015.
"Information." Pazzi Chapel. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Oct. 2015.
"Pazzi Chapel - Florence." Pazzi Chapel - Florence. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Oct. 2015.
"Learn Travel Art." Learn Travel Art. N.p., 21 June 2014. Web. 13 Oct. 2015.
3d model of Pazzi Chapel- Columbia University: Department of Art history and Visual Media. URL:
http://www.learn.columbia.edu/ha/panos/Santa-Croce/Pazzi-Chapel-3/
Video by Khan Academy: Speakers- Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker
Liteature: Conti, Flavio. Understanding Art: A Freference Guide To Painting Sculpture And Architecture In The Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, and
Baroque Periods" London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, 1978. Print
Credits
You did it !
Basilica Di San Pietro
"Saint Peter's Basilica." Saint Peter's Basilica. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2015.
"St Peter's Basilica (Basilica Di San Pietro)." Rome.info St Peter's Basilica in Vatican. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2015.
"St. Peter's Basilica "St. Peter's Basilica (Basilica Di San Pietro) in Rome, Italy. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2015.
"St. Peter's Basilica, Rome." A View On Cities. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2015.
Liteature : Conti, Flavio. Understanding Art: A Freference Guide To Painting Sculpture And Architecture In The Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, and
Baroque Periods" London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, 1978. Print
Video by Khan Academy, Speakers: Dr. Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker. https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/renaissance-reformation/high-renflorence-rome/bramante/v/saint-peter-s-basilica-vatican-city-begun-1506-completed-1626
Basilica Di San Lorenzo
"San Lorenzo Church in Florence, Italy: Medici Chapels in San Lorenzo Church ." San Lorenzo Church in Florence, Italy: Medici Chapels in San
Lorenzo Church. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2015.
"Basilica Di San Lorenzo, Florence." A View On Cities. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2015.
"Medici Chapels and Church of San Lorenzo - Florence." Medici Chapels and Church of San Lorenzo - Florence. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2015.
Video by Khan Academy, Speakers- Beth Harris and Dr. Steven Zucker: https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/renaissance-reformation/earlyrenaissance1/sculpture-architecture-florence/v/brunelleschi-old-sacristy-san-lorenzo-florence-begun-c-1421
Literature: Ellis, Elisabeth and Esler, Anthony. "World History: Connections To Today". Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 1999. Print
Other Credits
Luebering, J. E. The 100 Most Influential Writers of All Time. New York, NY: Britannica Educational Pub. in Association with Rosen Educational
Services, 2010. Print. The Britannica Guide to The World's Most Influential People.
Barter, James. Artists of the Renaissance. San Diego, CA: Lucent, 1999. Print. History Makers.